{"id":4034,"date":"2020-04-16T13:24:24","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T13:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thuvienxaydung.com.vn\/?p=4034"},"modified":"2020-04-16T13:26:32","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T13:26:32","slug":"ban-ve-thiet-ke-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/?p=4034","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? C\u00e1c Lo\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n V\u1ebd Thi\u1ebft K\u1ebf X\u00e2y D\u1ef1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u00a0Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho\u00a0kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u00a0th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c\u00a0trang web\u00a0ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, v.v.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0nhau\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0.\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0lo\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ghi<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1\u00a0tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u00a0.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0ho\u1eb7c khi\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u\u00a0n\u00f3i chung s\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c\u00a0chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra\u00a0c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp r\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0.\u00a0Ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t\u00a0ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1ef1c giao\u00a0,\u00a0c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 cao\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c\u00a0khung nh\u00ecn\u00a0ba chi\u1ec1u\u00a0, hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p\u00a0ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t\u00a0khung nh\u00ecn b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ed1i\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t\u00a0b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.\u00a0C\u00e1c quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ranh gi\u1edbi,\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0.\u00a0T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0,\u00a0quy m\u00f4\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u00a0l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1: 2500<\/p>\n

1: 1250<\/p>\n

1: 500<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h2>\n

N\u00f3i chung,\u00a0c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0l\u00e0 ‘kh\u00e9p k\u00edn’ v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t\u00a0nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t\u00a0, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\u00a0ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi\u00a0nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0\u0111\u00f3\u00a0thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh.\u00a0B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u00a0.\u00a0Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd \u1edf\u00a0quy m\u00f4\u00a0l\u1edbn\u00a0nh\u01b0;\u00a01:10, 1: 5, 1: 2, 1: 1, v.v.\u00a0Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0\u00a0k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0,\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0,\u00a0dung sai\u00a0, v.v.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0\/ b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u00a0Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hay d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c\u00a0nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng;\u00a0b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t\u00a0nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0, ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o\u00a0c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0.\u00a0C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c\u00a0, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ‘\u00a0th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0‘, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n cho\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9i\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.\u00a0Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho\u00a0kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u00a0th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u00e1c\u00a0trang web\u00a0ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, v.v.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0,\u00a0c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u\u00a0,\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m\u00a0, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c,\u00a0nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y\u00a0, v.v.\u00a0Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\u00a0th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m \u00edt\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chung\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ch.\u00a0Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0cho c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

\u0110\u1ed9 cao<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ‘\u00a0cao\u00a0‘ \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t\u00a0d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ee7a (ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t) khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hai chi\u1ec1u\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1eb7t ti\u1ec1n\u00a0.\u00a0V\u00ec c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch,\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed9 cao\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu\u00a0g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0khi nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi\u00a0ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng.\u00a0N\u00f3i chung,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 cao\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0nh\u00ecn\u00a0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1eafc, nam, \u0111\u00f4ng, t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea7ng<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng s\u00e0n\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c\u00a0chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00f2ng trong c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao.\u00a0Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0,\u00a0l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1\u00a0k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0.\u00a0Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c\u00a0k\u1ef9 s\u01b0\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0\/\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chung<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chung\u00a0(GA, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0.\u00a0T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau\u00a0, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch,\u00a0ph\u1ea7n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 cao\u00a0, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c\u00a0l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0ph\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt\u00a0,\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u00a0,\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3\u00a0,\u00a0s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00e0n\u00a0, v.v.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u01a1 quan k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch\u00a0.\u00a0M\u1ed9t\u00a0k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u00a0trong\u00a0b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh\u00a0xung quanh n\u00f3\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V\u1ebd ph\u1ed1i\u00a0c\u1ea3nh\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ba chi\u1ec1u\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng gian d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\u00a0m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0m\u1eaft\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t (ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m) c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem.\u00a0N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0s\u1ebd tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi\u00a0s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Computer Aided Design\u00a0(CAD),\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng tin\u00a0(BIM) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0computer-generated imagery (CGI)\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

V\u1ebd t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7<\/h2>\n

V\u1ebd t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0n\u00e0o minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n (ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n) k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu \u00edch ho\u1eb7c thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u1edf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea7n v\u1ebd<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh\u00a0\u1ea3nh\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc theo m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c.\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho\u00a0t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn\u00a0qua c\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0(th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1edfi c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u\u00a0,\u00a0nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5\u00a0,\u00a0nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p\u00a0,\u00a0nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0nh\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o.\u00a0Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n\u00a0, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.\u00a0H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0\u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0do\u00a0nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u00a0chi ti\u1ebft\u00a0c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c\u00a0th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n\u00a0s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn\u00a0cho th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t\u00a0.\u00a0Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p,\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o sau m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c\u00a0nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u tra.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

B\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ‘\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0‘ c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0n\u00e0o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.\u00a0C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u00a0mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch.\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f2a nh\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u00a0.<\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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