{"id":3904,"date":"2020-04-15T13:29:38","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T13:29:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thuvienxaydung.com.vn\/?p=3904"},"modified":"2020-04-15T23:19:57","modified_gmt":"2020-04-15T23:19:57","slug":"thiet-ke-ky-thuat-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/?p=3904","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty (nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai\u00a0thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 v\u00e0 quy m\u00f4. Th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Tuy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 trong Lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng quy chu\u1ea9n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,\u00a0H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0s\u1ebd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: Khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 1 b\u01b0\u1edbc, 2 b\u01b0\u1edbc, 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc? H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec? V..v\u2026 N\u00e0o h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Theo nh\u01b0\u00a0Lu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2014<\/a>. Th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. L\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/span>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh do ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong><\/em>,\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/em>. DanaSun xin ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1eadp B\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1ee9 2 l\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>\u00a0g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0\u00a0Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ba b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong>\u00a0g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. V\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/li>\n
  • Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) th\u00ec t\u00f9y theo th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"thiet-ke-1-buoc-2-buoc-3-buoc-la-gi\"<\/p>\n

    <\/span>H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 2 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ed9i dung thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n:\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft minh, ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n<\/strong><\/em>.\u00a0DanaSun<\/strong>\u00a0s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

    <\/span>Ph\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft minh<\/h3>\n

    \u2013 Thuy\u1ebft minh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t<\/p>\n

    \u2013 C\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

    \u2013 N\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

    \u2013 Danh m\u1ee5c quy chu\u1ea9n, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

    \u2013 T\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed3 \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n

    \u2013 C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

    \u2013 \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, di\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/p>\n

    \u2013 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, thu\u1ef7 v\u0103n, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u0110i\u1ec1u tra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t sinh sau khi l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/em><\/p>\n

        \n
      • N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
      • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n, danh m\u1ee5c, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n
      • Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7:<\/em><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p san xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00f5 tr\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u00e1n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/li>\n
        • Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng:<\/em><\/p>\n

          \u2013 B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed t\u1ed5ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng\u2026<\/p>\n

          \u2013 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh, n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0\u00a0trang tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. G\u1ed3m: c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng tin, b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u2026 V\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh k\u00e8m theo n\u00eau r\u00f5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u00e1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

          \u2013 Trang tr\u00ed b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y xanh, s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn, l\u1ed1i \u0111i\u2026<\/p>\n

          \u2013 T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e2y l\u1eafp, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. So s\u00e1nh r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau kinh t\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

          <\/span>Ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ed5ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khu \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (san n\u1ec1n, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc). V\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/li>\n
          • D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u00ednh.<\/li>\n
          • M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang, c\u1eaft d\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
          • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh: n\u1ec1n, m\u00f3ng, c\u1ed9t, d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n\u2026<\/li>\n
          • Ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. G\u1ed3m: c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec3u ho\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00f4ng tin, b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y, ch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y.<\/li>\n
          • L\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t n\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
          • X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o, c\u00e2y xanh, s\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1eddn.<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ed5ng m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
          • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            <\/span>Ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • T\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chi ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ed5ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
            • TDTXDCT bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Chi ph\u00ed qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh trong d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n

              Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/em>? Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt trong h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty (nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o tri\u1ec3n khai\u00a0thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3904"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3907,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3904\/revisions\/3907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}