{"id":3755,"date":"2020-04-15T00:00:42","date_gmt":"2020-04-15T00:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thuvienxaydung.com.vn\/?p=3755"},"modified":"2021-09-30T03:58:30","modified_gmt":"2021-09-30T03:58:30","slug":"huong-dan-cach-lap-du-toan-xay-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/?p=3755","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e9.
\nDownload 10 m\u1eabu d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay
\n\"\"<\/a>
\nM\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u :<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?
\n* \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thi c\u00f4ng r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 k\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, k\u1ec3 s\u00f3t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea5y (nh\u00e1p, gi\u1ea5y in m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t) li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u00e0n b\u00e0i:
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:
\n– Ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng
\n– Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n
\n– Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i
\n– Ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n
\n– Ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc
\n– Ph\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n
\n– \u2026
\n* Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebb nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0:
\n– Ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t, v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n m\u00f3ng, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p m\u00f3ng, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng\u2026
\n– Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n: C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p + V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n + b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng 1, C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p + V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n + b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n t\u1ea7ng 1, x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea7ng 1\u2026
\n* Ti\u1ebfp theo b\u1ea1n xem b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 ghi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra gi\u1ea5y, trong D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n GXD b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ec7nh: Ti\u1ec7n \u00edch -> B\u1ea3ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \/ D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0a kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n GXD t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n. R\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0quy tr\u00ecnh b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/strong><\/u> \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c, khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i ki\u1ec3m tra h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1eadt t\u01b0, chi ph\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0 \u0110\u00fac k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m b\u00f3c t\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, d\u1ef1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

A – Ph\u1ea7n M\u00f3ng<\/strong><\/u><\/h3>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t: (\u0111\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00f3ng n\u1ec1n)<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: l\u00f3t m\u00f3ng, m\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n m\u00f3ng<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00e1t l\u00e1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed5 m\u00f3ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i<\/p>\n

– L\u1ea5p m\u00f3ng, san n\u1ec1n…<\/p>\n

B – Ph\u1ea7n h\u00e8 r\u00e3nh<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00e1t, l\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i, s\u01a1n trang tr\u00ed b\u1ed3n hoa, tam c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111i xa (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/p>\n

C – Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/strong><\/u><\/h3>\n

– C\u1ed9t (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n

– D\u1ea7m (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n

– S\u00e0n (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng)<\/p>\n

– Lanh t\u00f4 (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t lanh t\u00f4 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n)<\/p>\n

– C\u1ea7u thang (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch b\u1eadc, d\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n thang, d\u1ea7m chi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec9)<\/p>\n

– B\u1ed5 tr\u1ee5 (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t)<\/p>\n

– Gi\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng (V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m)<\/p>\n

D – Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n nh\u00e0<\/strong><\/u><\/h3>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (\u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7)<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u1eaft th\u00e9p<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00e1t, l\u00e1ng, l\u00e1t, \u1ed1p<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1eeda, then kh\u00f3a<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i, s\u01a1n<\/p>\n

– L\u00e1ng, l\u00e1t, d\u00e1n, \u1ed1p trang tr\u00ed… (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/p>\n

– C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c l\u1eafp gh\u00e9p s\u00e0n<\/p>\n

E – Ph\u1ea7n m\u00e1i<\/strong><\/u><\/h3>\n

– L\u00e0m m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

– Ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng<\/p>\n

– X\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1i<\/p>\n

– Tr\u00e1t, \u1ed1p, qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i<\/p>\n

– Ch\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng ngo\u00e0i quy c\u00e1ch n\u00eau trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u m\u00e1i (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/p>\n

– L\u00e0m m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c:<\/p>\n

– G\u1ed7 m\u00e1i: v\u00ec k\u00e8o – x\u00e0 g\u1ed7, c\u1ea7u phong<\/p>\n

– L\u1ee3p m\u00e1i, x\u00e2y b\u1edd<\/p>\n

– S\u01a1n, qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i<\/p>\n

F –\u00a0Ph\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t<\/strong><\/u><\/h3>\n

– L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh (ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda, v\u00f2i sen, lavab\u00f4 … )<\/p>\n

– L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc (\u1ed1ng, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n …)<\/p>\n

– L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n (k\u00e9o d\u1ea3i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn, h\u1ed9p n\u1ed1i, \u00e1tt\u00f4m\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e8n, qu\u1ea1t … )<\/p>\n

– L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t (kim thu s\u00e9t, d\u00e2y thu s\u00e9t, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn s\u00e9t, c\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ecba …)<\/p>\n

T\u00f9y t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t trong t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh ta c\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. N\u1ebfu l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ta n\u00ean t\u00ednh theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 thi c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb7t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi c\u00f4ng, giao kho\u00e1n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

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\"du<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

B\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u200b<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

2. V\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n:<\/b>
\n– N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn xong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Th\u00ec gi\u1edd s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc kh\u1ed1i ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/p>\n

– K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc kh\u1ed1i ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 xem, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean xem, \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh qua c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eeba thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eeba l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n th\u00ec khi l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

– T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 g\u1eb1ng h\u1ebft m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh, c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7c nho nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd g\u00f3p \u00fd cho m\u00ecnh (VD: \u0110\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n th\u1ea9m tra d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m), th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba thi\u1ebfu l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ea7u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat v\u00ec t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ed5 sung. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng sao ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea1n, ai m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p gian nan.<\/p>\n

\u00a03. V\u1ec1 chi\u1ebft t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1:<\/b>
\n– C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t: D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh th\u00eam \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 4 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u: \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng (ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng hay ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y c\u00f4ng), gi\u00e1 ca m\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hao ph\u00ed t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a r\u00e0nh l\u1eafm b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean theo \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o, h\u1ecd \u00e1p th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00ecnh \u00e1p th\u1ebf (d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea9m tra ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thanh quy\u1ebft to\u00e1n c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t). Khi n\u00e0o quen tay r\u1ed3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh (VD: \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee5, m\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf). L\u01b0u \u00fd : m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u00e9.<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/a>
\nX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u200b<\/div>\n

4. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/b>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ee9 s\u1eeda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u00ec nh\u1eadp th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1eadt t\u01b0. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 l\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 li\u00ean S\u1edf XD-TC \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng (giaxaydung.vn) ho\u1eb7c \u0111i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh gi\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u1edf b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5. V\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng:<\/b>
\nV\u1edbi D\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n b\u1ea3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng\u00a0Theo Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 05\/2016\/TT-BXD\u00a0v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trong Excel, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.
\n6. V\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 ca m\u00e1y:<\/b>
\nD\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n b\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 ca m\u00e1y\u00a0Theo \u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c 1134\/2015\/Q\u0110-BXD,\u00a0Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 05\/2016\/TT-BXD v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c trong Excel, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.
\n
\n7. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kinh ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1:<\/b><\/p>\n

– \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, m\u00e1y thi c\u00f4ng: M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ri\u00eang t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee9c l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n;
\n– Chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c, chi ph\u00ed chung, thu nh\u1eadp ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc: Trong\u00a0Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 06\/2016\/TT-BXD\u00a0c\u00f3 b\u1ea3ng 3.7, 3.8 \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh (c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng, th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i hay h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
\n– CP d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng: G\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00ec trong d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng 5% c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed t\u00ednh ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc (xem th\u00eam Th\u00f4ng t\u01b0 06\/2016\/TT-BXD, ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c 03). Chi ph\u00ed d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng do y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u00e1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi : <\/strong><\/em>gian phoi do thong minh<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/strong> 201XXXX (7 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1)<\/strong>\u00a0. Xem c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e9. Download 10 m\u1eabu d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 m\u1edbi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3761,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3755"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9117,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3755\/revisions\/9117"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}