{"id":260,"date":"2019-06-21T15:44:41","date_gmt":"2019-06-21T15:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/td_uid_34_5d0cfb696d2d0"},"modified":"2022-10-25T03:00:30","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T03:00:30","slug":"bien-phap-thi-cong-tu-mong-den-hoan-thien-nha-dan-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/?p=260","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

Download Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng
\n\"\"<\/a>
\nM\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u :<\/strong> Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Huy \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng:
\n+C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t:
\nThi c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn huy \u0111\u1ed9ng xe m\u00e1y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i sau:
\nXe \u0111\u00e0o b\u00e0nh h\u01a1i hi\u1ec7u SAMSUNG, SOLAR (KOREA).
\nXe x\u00fac \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u KOMATSU.
\nM\u00e1y b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nM\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i.
\n+C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng:
\nD\u00f9ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, lo\u1ea1i xe b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 dung t\u00edch 6m3.
\nM\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i, b\u00e0n, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft u\u1ed1n s\u1eaft, khoan.
\nM\u00e1y l\u00e0m m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa \u2013 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb sau:
\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng coffa g\u1ed7 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p coffa th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh.
\nD\u00f9ng puli c\u1ea9u l\u1eafp .
\nM\u00e1y c\u1eaft, u\u1ed1n c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p.
\nM\u00e1y h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nM\u00e1y c\u01b0a khoan (BOSCH).
\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay (b\u1eaft v\u00edt, b\u1eafn \u0111inh) b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nV\u00e1n khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o: \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh, c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1eb7t b\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n:
\nM\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n v\u1eefa.
\nM\u00e1y Nivo.
\nM\u00e1y c\u01b0a, m\u00e0i hi\u1ec7u BOSCH.
\nM\u00e1y phun s\u01a1n.
\nM\u00e1y c\u1eaft g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 (kh\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc) hi\u1ec7u HITACHI.
\nM\u00e1y \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng n\u1ec1n.
\n+C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9c, v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n g\u1ed7:
\nM\u00e1y li\u00ean h\u1ee3p.
\nM\u00e1y b\u00e0o tay.
\nM\u00e1y c\u01b0a tay.
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc:
\nKhoan \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7m tay, m\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t.
\n+Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh:
\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nB\u1ed9 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t.
\nTh\u00f9ng hay v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1eabu c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u, cement.
\n\u1ed0ng \u0111o 100ml, nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf.
\n1 m\u00e1y kinh v\u0129 Leica TC600 (Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), 1 m\u00e1y kinh v\u0129 NIKON (Nh\u1eadt), 1 m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y b\u00ecnh LeiCa 820 (Th\u1ee5y S\u1ef9), m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y chu\u1ea9n, s\u00fang b\u1eafn b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\nKhu\u00f4n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.
\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e9p, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, m\u00e1c v\u1eefa t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m.
\n1. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng:
\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111o\u1ea1n thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau n\u00e0y.
\n+ C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:
\nM\u1eb7t c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y v\u0103n.
\nKh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sao cho an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t.
\nC\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nNgu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nNh\u1eefng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh chung n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.
\nChu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:
\nSau khi c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u00fang th\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ngay c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd:
\n+ Th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00fd k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf giao nh\u1eadn th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp.
\n+ Nh\u1eadn b\u00e0n giao m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng, c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c, cao \u0111\u1ed9 chu\u1ea9n.
\n+ Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n+ K\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kinh t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1eadp k\u1ebft t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1:
\nNghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng sao cho ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m b\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb k\u00fd k\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.
\n2. M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng:
\n\u2013 M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u00ecnh Phong Ph\u00fa, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.
\n\u2013 Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i xung quanh khu v\u1ef1c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u01b0a cao, xung quanh c \u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao th\u00f4ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 \u0111i ngang c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n\u2013 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p, v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ngay c\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n\u2013 C\u00e1c b\u00e3i ch\u1ee9a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1eaft th\u00e9p n\u1eb1m \u1edf g\u00f3c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, coffa g\u1ed7, coffa nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n theo ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ri\u00eang ch\u1ee9a t\u1eebng b\u00e3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.
\n\u2013 Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n\u2013 Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.
\n3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng:
\n\u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\n\u2013 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi c\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m 3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn:
\n+ B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 huy chung t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf.
\nB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thi c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.
\nM\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng:
\nB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf v\u00e0 s\u1edf ch\u1ec9 huy t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c, trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp giao ban h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban t\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.
\nVai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng:
\n+ T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m : 01 ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 01 ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh thi c\u00f4ng chung t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay th\u1ebf khi ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t.
\n+ Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng ty v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9p h\u1eadn m\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec7nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng
\n+Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf t\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u00ean A v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\n+Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p che ch\u1eafn, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i, ch\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed3n, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, kh\u00f3i\u2026\u2026
\n+Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i, thu gom r\u00e1c trong thi c\u00f4ng\u2026\u2026
\n+Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u00fd th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ec7 sinh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tham gia t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh ho\u1ea1t, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp giao ban gi\u1eefa ban ch\u1ec9 huy v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng thi c\u00f4ng.
\nVai tr\u00f2 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng:
\n+ B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ngay t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb khi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi c\u00f4ng.
\n+ B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh theo \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m tra. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y ki\u1ec3m tra, nghi\u1ec7m thu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e0t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7m thu. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i.
\nC\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh:
\n+ C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5: k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng, v\u1eadt t\u01b0, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1t, kho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 huy ph\u00f3 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i thi c\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m: \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed9i coffa, \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c thi c\u00f4ng theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

4. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c:
\n+ \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi khu \u0111\u1ea5t:
\n* C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf chung c\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1. S\u1ef1 li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd n\u00ean c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m ngang c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt\u2026\u2026n\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c sai s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 tim c\u1ed1t, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong thi c\u00f4ng.
\n*C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c b\u00e0n giao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c chu\u1ea9n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng neo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c m\u1ed1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, cao \u0111\u1ed9 cho t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft thi c\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t coffa cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ L\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c to\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c:
\n* Lu\u1edbi tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u01b0\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.
\n+ Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e9p \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo m\u00e9p t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e9p c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 sai l\u1ec7ch l\u00e0 \u00b1 3mm, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y th\u1ee7y b\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng trong thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n, chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u1eebng cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch +1000 so v\u1edbi cao \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e1ch, c\u1ed9t.
\n+ L\u1eadp l\u01b0\u1edbi quan s\u00e1t:
\n+ C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ty tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Vi\u1ec7t Nam 3972-85 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tim m\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tim m\u1ed1c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c tim m\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1edd, b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng.
\n+ L\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao.
\n+ C\u00e1c m\u1ed1c \u0111o l\u00fan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1eafc l\u00fan s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m gia t\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u00eam s\u00e0n, xong ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y\u2026 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 quan tr\u1eafc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ngay trong ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh 02 b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin sau:
\n+ Th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1eafc.
\n+ T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1eafc v\u00e0 ghi s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.
\n+ L\u00fd l\u1ecbch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o.
\n+ M\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c quan tr\u1eafc.
\n+ C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u sau khi quan tr\u1eafc t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c.
\n+ C\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c.
\n+ Ch\u1eed k\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quan tr\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thi c\u00f4ng, BQLDA.
\nTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh cho T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi c\u00f4ng, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ C\u00f4ng ty s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, cao \u0111\u1ed9 cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft thi c\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t coffa cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1eafc g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u00e1y thu\u1ed9c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng ty. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m:
\n+ M\u00e1y kinh v\u0129 theo 10B c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c.
\n+ M\u00e1y th\u1ee7y b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c.
\nPH\u1ea6N M\u00d3NG
\n+ Do c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 chung c\u01b0 n\u00ean ph\u1ea7n m\u00f3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh to\u00e1n k\u1ef9 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u li\u00ean quan v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ Qua t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00f3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.
\n+ M\u00f3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n+ M\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i m\u00f3ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f3ng \u0111\u01a1n. V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng d\u00f9ng v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng.
\n+ V\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n+ \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e0nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u1eefng m\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf,h\u1ed1 thu n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1y b\u01a1m quanh chu vi h\u1ed1 m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch h\u1ed1 m\u00f3ng.
\n+ \u0110\u00e0o m\u00f3ng t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng kh\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 m\u00f3ng chung. Sau khi \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t xong s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7m n\u00e9n \u0111\u00e1y m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t m\u00f3ng.
\n+ C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00f3ng g\u1ed3m hai ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0i m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0 m\u00f3ng.
\nTheo c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n kh\u1ed1i m\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh 02 \u0111\u1ee3t thi c\u00f4ng:
\n\u0110\u1ee3t 1: thi c\u00f4ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng:
\n+ \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1 4\u00d76, m\u00e1c 100, d\u00e0y 100, r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf m\u00f3ng theo m\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 100.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00e0n k\u1ef9, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tim m\u00f3ng.
\n+ Th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m v\u0129 m\u00f3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u00de12a150 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng th\u00ec \u0111em v\u00e0o l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.
\n+ M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p c\u1ed5 m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p v\u0129 m\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 30d. Bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c vi\u00ean k\u00ea v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.
\n+ C\u00e2n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p theo tim m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\n+ L\u00e0m th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0i m\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e0 m\u00f3ng.
\n+ L\u1eafp v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e0i m\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e0 m\u00f3ng.
\n+ L\u1eafp v\u00e1n th\u00e0nh m\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e0i m\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e0 m\u00f3ng.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0i m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e0 m\u00f3ng.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng m\u00e1c # 250.
\n+ L\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh l\u1edbp c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, coffa v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u00f3t m\u00f3ng.
\n+ B\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n qu\u1ea3 l\u00ea.
\n+ Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0 ki\u1ec1ng.
\n+ D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i \u0111\u1ea7m k\u1ef9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n\u2013 B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00f3ng sau khi \u0111\u1ed5.
\n+ Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 1 bu\u1ed5i.
\n+ Cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 4 l\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n.
\n+ Ph\u1ee7 k\u00edn m\u1eb7t m\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng bao t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cho m\u00f3ng.
\n+ Th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n m\u00f3ng.
\n+ Sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng 01 ng\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 m\u00f3ng.
\nTh\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t m\u1ebd c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n.
\n\u0110\u1ee3t 2: C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ea7m gi\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng:
\nD\u1ea7m gi\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng BTCT m\u00e1c 200, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n sau: DK1(200 x 500); DK1a(200 x 300); DK2(200 x 300); DK3(100 x 300).
\n+ Gia c\u00f4ng l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p
\n+ C\u1ed1t d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t \u0111ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng \u1edf x\u01b0\u1edfng theo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\n+ Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh khung v\u00e0 l\u1eafp v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.
\n+ Bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c vi\u00ean k\u00ea d\u00e0y 30mm v\u00e0o c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p.
\n+ Gia c\u00f4ng l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n g\u1ed7.
\n+ V\u00e1n khu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9p t\u1eadp k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i.
\n+ \u0110\u1eb7t v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\n+ Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh xong c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y g\u1ed7 3\u00d75.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng m\u00e1c 200.
\n+ L\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p.
\n+ Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7m thu v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p d\u1ea7m gi\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng.
\n+ Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n+ \u0110\u1ea7m k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i.
\n+ Th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n
\n+ Sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 01 ng\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n d\u1ea7m gi\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng.
\n+ Th\u00e1o v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m s\u1ee9t m\u1ebd c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

THI C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1eaeP \u0110\u1ea4T T\u00d4N N\u1ec0N
\n\u0110\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng.
\nL\u00e0m s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111i qua h\u1ec7 gi\u1eb1ng m\u00f3ng.
\nD\u00f9ng xe r\u00f9a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea5p h\u1ed1 m\u00f3ng t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o trong.
\nT\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7m k\u1ef9.
\nPH\u1ea6N KHUNG
\nI. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C COFFA
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u. Coffa s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 coffa th\u00e9p v\u00e0 coffa g\u1ed7, coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp k\u1ebft ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u00e3i tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng d\u00ednh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi coffa g\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong c\u01b0a x\u1ebb tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00edch.
\n+ Coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n+ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u00e1o coffa, b\u00ean B m\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean A \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n.
\nCOFFA C\u1ed8T.
\n+ Coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 coffa g\u1ed7.
\n+ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb 8 \u2013 10cm.
\n+ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thanh g\u1ed7 5 x 10cm l\u00e0m gi\u1eb1ng ngang v\u00e0 d\u1ecdc.
\nb. COFFA D\u1ea6M, S\u00c0N
\n+ Coffa d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7.
\n+ C\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ed7 tr\u00f2n.
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:
\n+ Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb:
\n\u2013 B\u1eadt m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed coffa.
\n\u2013 B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u00fa h\u1ee3p, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\n\u2013 V\u1ec7 sinh m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng n\u01a1i s\u1ebd l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng coffa.
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:
\nC\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong coffa ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.
\nTi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng coffa theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.
\nCoffa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, neo ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho coffa b\u1ecb x\u00ea d\u1ecbch bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\nV\u1ec7 sinh coffa s\u1ea1ch sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong.
\nC\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp theo.
\nCoffa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

L\u1eaeP D\u1ef0NG COFFA<\/p>\n

+ B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c coffa.
\nCoffa sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb x\u00ea d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n

II. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C C\u1ed0T TH\u00c9P:
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ebd \u0111ai, u\u1ed1n th\u00e9p, c\u1eaft th\u00e9p, k\u00e9o th\u1eb3ng th\u00e9p\u2026 th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y. M\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n, m\u00e1y c\u1eaft, m\u00e1y k\u00e9o th\u00e9p\u2026
\n+ Th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u00e9p g\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e9p tr\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 6, 8 ,10, 12 ,14, 16 ,18\u2026\u2026 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Khi gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p tr\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ebd m\u00f3c c\u00f2n th\u00e9p g\u00e2n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ebb m\u00f3c.
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111ai, th\u00e9p m\u0169, l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00e9p\u2026
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ea1ch g\u1ec9 th\u00e9p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng b\u00faa \u0111\u1eadp th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y u\u1ed1n n\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng. V\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi 20mm th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft u\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 20mm th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y.
\n+ Th\u00e9p khi c\u1eaft ra u\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e3n d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u: c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n gi\u00e3n ra th\u00eam 0,5d khi u\u1ed1n g\u00f3c 450, 1d khi u\u1ed1n g\u00f3c 900, 1,5d khi u\u1ed1n g\u00f3c 1800. \u0110o\u1ea1n neo c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qui \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 30d c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p. N\u1ed1i c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed1i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng k\u1ebdm bu\u1ed9c.
\n+ Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u1eafp th\u00e9p:
\nB\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Th\u00e9p sau khi gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1ea1ch m\u1ef1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp th\u00e9p. V\u1ec7 dinh th\u00e9p, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp th\u00e9p. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p s\u1eb5n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp th\u00e9p nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5c k\u00ea, k\u1ebdm bu\u1ed9c\u2026\u2026 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\n+ Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:
\nTi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u1eafp th\u00e9p theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00fang k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00fang s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thanh th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. L\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi lam\u2026\u2026 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e9p ch\u1edd li\u00ean k\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i ngay nh\u01b0 l\u1ec7ch s\u1eaft, qu\u00ean hay thi\u1ebfu th\u00e9p ch\u1edd. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho th\u00e9p ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. Coffa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e9p b\u1ecb x\u00f4 l\u1ec7ch, chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p xong ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sing s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e1o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u00e9p b\u1ecb x\u00f4 l\u1ec7ch. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p sua khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp theo.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra \u1edf c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng s\u1eaft theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m h\u1ec7 gi\u1eb1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.
\nC\u1ed1t th\u00e9p sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u0129 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean g\u00e2y x\u00f4 l\u1ec7ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1, b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u00e9p. C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p sau khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng xong ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p b\u1ecb g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng sau khi th\u00e1o coffa nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3i th\u00e9p.
\n* M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ed9t:
\nDo k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn n\u00ean c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n th\u00e0nh khung th\u00e9p m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i t\u1eebng thanh v\u00e0o th\u00e9p ch\u1edd c\u1ed9t, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng th\u00e9p \u0111ai v\u00e0 l\u1eafp t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khung ngay t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed9t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e9p. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng hai thanh th\u00e9p h\u00e0n ch\u00e9o g\u00f3c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thanh th\u00e9p g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a khung th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed9t, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ed th\u00ec d\u00f9ng th\u00e9p C m\u00f3c t\u1eeb hai c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u0111ai \u1edf c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n m\u1eb7t nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p d\u1ea7m:
\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng thanh theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p d\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p s\u00e0n. L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p d\u1ea7m \u1edf m\u00e9p tr\u00ean v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n d\u1ea7m v\u00e0 khi l\u1eafp xong r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng.
\n+ C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p s\u00e0n:
\nCh\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e9p bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p (h\u00e0n v\u00e0o s\u1eaft s\u00e0n) \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y c\u00e1p k\u00e9o c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t cho c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ee5c k\u00ea b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

III. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C B\u00ca T\u00d4NG:
\nC\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u0169ng gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi c\u00f4ng. B\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ea1n th\u1ee7 theo TCVN.
\nB\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng xe tr\u1ed9n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9u th\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xe b\u01a1m ngang c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 80m3\/gi\u1edb d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1, xi m\u0103ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u2026th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m theo TCVN. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef n\u1ed9p tr\u00ecnh ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t. B\u1ea3n sao v\u1ec1 xi m\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n xi m\u0103ng s\u1ebd n\u1ed9p tr\u00ecnh, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 lo\u1ea1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nC\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u1ed9p tr\u00ecnh ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t. Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng cho t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng cao nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 che n\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nhanh, che m\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng s\u1eb5n. B\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng khi \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n+ Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng:
\n\u2013 T\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, l\u00fd l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u1ed1t li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng (c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1, xi m\u0103ng, th\u00e9p) khi c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ed m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Sau khi c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng 15 x 15 x 15 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eabu theo quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u00e9p m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n\u2013 C\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, coffa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7m thu tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng (do m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i, \u1ed1ng b\u01a1m\u2026) khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e9p v\u00e0 coffa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u00e9p hay g\u00e2y n\u1edf cho coffa l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, sai l\u1ec7ch so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf gi\u1eefa coffa v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y bao th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u0103ng keo\u2026ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c c\u1ee5c k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. V\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00f3t v\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n v\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\n\u2013 V\u1ea1ch c\u1ed1t cao \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ed1t n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng thao t\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb n\u01a1i tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed5 sao cho thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p.
\n\u2013 Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, x\u1ebbng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00fac, x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ef1ng\u2026\u2026n\u1ebfu cao ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o nh\u01b0 khi \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed9t\u2026\u2026 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng.
\n\u2013 B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee7 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\n+ T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bao g\u1ed3m:
\n\u2013 B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o: g\u1ed3m c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9i thi c\u00f4ng. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 huy n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u00fac tr\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n\u2013 Nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m tra: Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i coffa, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, k\u1ebdm bu\u1ed9c\u2026\u2026 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong khi \u0111\u1ed5.
\n\u2013 Nh\u00f3m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng b\u01a1m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng xe c\u00fat k\u00edt v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn.
\n\u2013 Nh\u00f3m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o sau khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang cao \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u1eb5n ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ( s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i m\u00e1y).
\n\u2013 Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn.
\n+ M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng:
\n\u2013 B\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n s\u1eb5n mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng xe tr\u1ed9n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1eebng x\u00f4 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c g\u1ed3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u1ed9t cao th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1,5m do \u0111\u00f3, ta ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eeba l\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00ean v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n c\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01a1i c\u1ee7a b\u00ea t\u00f4ng khi \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed9t. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i k\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u trong c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh r\u1ed7 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean cao d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c th\u00e1p ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ed9t.
\n\u2013 B\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n: do \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 xe b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng. D\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 to\u00e0n kh\u1ed1i sua khi \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m trong s\u00e0n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u2026xe b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01a1m l\u00ean s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng v\u00f2i b\u01a1m. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n g\u1ed3m hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u00f2i b\u01a1m, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m d\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ra cho \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i. \u0110\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7m d\u00f9i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed5 s\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ed5 c\u1ea1n. Do s\u00e0n r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o r\u00e3nh ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa ra hai b\u00ean.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e0nh thang m\u00e1y, c\u1ea7u thang\u2026\u2026
\nKhi thi c\u00f4ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t, m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng sao cho n\u1ed9i l\u1ef1c \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9t th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7m, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00e0n n\u1ea5m th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n m\u0169 c\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea7m xi\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n d\u1ea7m xi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i vai c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c hay ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n b\u1ea3n s\u00e0n, s\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng s\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n sao song song v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea1nh ng\u1eafn, s\u00e0n c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf \u00bc nh\u1ecbp s\u00e0n n\u1eb1m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fa \u00fd x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng.
\n+ B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 coffa:
\n\u2013 B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay sau khi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong 12 gi\u1edd.
\n\u2013 B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho b\u00ea t\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea9m.
\n\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 coffa khi c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u theo quy ph\u1ea1m thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu. Khi th\u00e1o coffa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 rung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ea t\u00f4ng. Ngay sau khi th\u00e1o coffa ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1ee1, n\u1ee9t, n\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

PH\u1ea6N HO\u00c0N THI\u1ec6N<\/p>\n

– C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C X\u00c2Y:
\n+ Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 dang khung b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c n\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bao che ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, \u00edt tham gia ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng khi x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ba nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u00ednh khi x\u00e2y g\u1ea1ch l\u00e0:
\n+ G\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y t\u1eebng h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eb3ng m\u1eb7t, vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i <= 170 v\u00ec kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.
\nX\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ch do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp x\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7ch nhau \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u00bc chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecdc.
\nC\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa x\u00e2y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ecdc trong m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y c\u00e1c vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 h\u00ecnh thang, h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c \u1edf g\u00f3c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y.
\n+ V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh, th\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng.
\n+ C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh sau khi h\u1ec7 khung b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 coffa s\u00e0n, d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t, h\u1ec7 gi\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o d\u1ee1, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p \u1edf h\u1ec7 khung t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u1edf t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean.
\n1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y:
\n( Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:
\n( \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t cho kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a xi m\u0103ng, c\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi nhau theo m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.
\n( Do c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u1edf chung c\u01b0 n\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c th\u1eb3ng c\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111em nung, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u01a1i ti\u1ebft cao. G\u1ed3m g\u1ea1ch \u1ed1ng 4 l\u1ed7 80 x 80 x 190 v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch th\u1ebb 40 x 80 x 190.
\n( S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xi m\u0103ng pol\u0103ng holcim m\u00e1c 200 c\u00f3n trong th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong kho b\u00e3i \u0111\u00f9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.
\n( C\u00e1t d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1t s\u1ea1ch, m\u1ecbn kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i v\u1eefa x\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch ta ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1t.
\n( N\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c.
\n( C\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i v\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha tr\u1ed9n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eefa non l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft hay v\u1eefa gi\u00e0 g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa x\u00e2y t\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m trong ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.
\n( Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u00e2y:
\nCoffa d\u1ea7m, s\u00e0n, c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 gi\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1o ra v\u00e0 d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi x\u00e2y nh\u01b0 g\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1ng h\u1ed3\u2026\u2026, khi x\u00e2y l\u00ean cao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o.
\nTh\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee7.
\nD\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e2y g\u1ed3m bay, th\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u00e2y nh\u1ee3, b\u00e0n ch\u00e0, niv\u00f4.
\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o 100, 200 hay l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y h\u1ee3p l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang k\u1ec9 thu\u1eadt.
\nX\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tim m\u1ed1c, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e2y.
\nTh\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1ng h\u1ed3, gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh, s\u1eafp ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng x\u00e2y.
\nN\u1ebfu x\u00e2y tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cao th\u00ec v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng puli.
\n2. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi x\u00e2y:
\n\u2013 X\u00e2y t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean tr\u00ean, t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 x\u00e2y sau, xung quanh x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong x\u00e2y sau.
\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu g\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa t\u1ea1o li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t khi x\u00e2y.
\n\u2013 B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1t m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ed3 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7m, c\u1ed9t.
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng th\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i gi\u0103ng d\u00e2y nh\u1ee3 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecdi.
\n\u2013 M\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 8 \u2013 12mm, m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ngang ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0y h\u01a1n m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa d\u1ecdc, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m m\u1ea1ch no v\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng v\u1eefa \u1edf ph\u00eda v\u1eefa th\u1ea5p n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ngang ph\u1eb3ng.
\n\u2013 C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y l\u00e0 3 d\u1ecdc 1 ngang hay 5 d\u1ecdc 1 ngang.
\n\u2013 Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y xi\u00ean, x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111inh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i mi\u1ebft h\u1ed3 k\u0129 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ee9t \u1edf m\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi d\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e0.
\n\u2013 \u1ede v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ed3 d\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 1cm v\u00e0 x\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng 03 h\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111inh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t.
\n\u2013 Khi x\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1eeba nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng c\u1eeda, lam gi\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u2026sau n\u00e0y.
\n\u2013 Sau khi kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y v\u1eeba xong th\u00ec h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c va ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb.
\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu x\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y ti\u1ebfp.
\n3. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 xi m\u0103ng, c\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1, g\u1ea1ch khi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u1ec7m thu ngay xem c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra hay ch\u01b0a (xi m\u0103ng, g\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang m\u00e1c\u2026), n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a th\u00ecp h\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngay. V\u00e0 sau khi kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra nghi\u1ec7m thu l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y do ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3m tr\u00e1ch. H\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1ea9u th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 pha tr\u1ed9n xong v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa x\u00e2y.
\n\u2013 C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed5i t\u1ed5 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 x\u00e2y, ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 khu v\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh x\u00e2y. T\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra bi\u1ec7n
\nph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee3t ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho x\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1eeda ch\u1eebng.
\n\u2013 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi x\u00e2y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh lang b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbi bao che \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng v\u1eadt r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.
\n\u2013 T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thi c\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m 03 khu: khu v\u1ef1c thao t\u00e1c x\u00e2y, khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Ba khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o th\u00ec gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng, s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c x\u00e2y.
\n\u2013 Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00ec c\u1ee9 01 th\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh th\u00ec c\u00f3 01th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. G\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng b\u1eb1ng puli; v\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ed9n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n xi m\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng \u0111ang x\u00e2y r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed9n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n \u01b0\u1edbt sau. Th\u1ee3 ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch oth\u1ee3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong thi c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

II.C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C T\u00d4 TR\u00c1T:
\n( \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, t\u1ea1o v\u1ebd th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cho k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ea7m\u2026\u2026th\u00ec ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00f4 tr\u00e1t.
\n( C\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t, tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp v\u1eefa n\u1ec1n, tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp v\u1eefa m\u1eb7t, tr\u00e1t g\u00f3c, tr\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh g\u00f3c l\u1ed3i, tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t, tr\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh g\u00f3c l\u00f5m, tr\u00e1t d\u1ea7m tr\u1ea7n\u2026\u2026
\n1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tr\u00e1t:
\n\u2013 D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: bay, b\u00e0n xoa, th\u01b0\u1edbc, niv\u00f4, d\u00e2y nh\u1ee3\u2026\u2026 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng m\u00e1c 75 v\u1edbi c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.
\n\u2013 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n t\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.
\n\u2013 Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1t; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd cho t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi tr\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1t, n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebdo hay \u0111\u1eafp th\u00eam t\u1ea1o cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 T\u1ea1o nh\u00e1m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t d\u00ednh v\u00e0o.
\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1t kh\u00f4 qu\u00e1 th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o.
\n\u2013 Tr\u1ea3i bao \u1edf ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed5 tr\u00e1t nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eefa r\u01a1i khi tr\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed.
\n\u2013 Ngo\u00e0i ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp h\u1ed3 d\u1ea7u.
\n\u2013 N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n xong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00eau tr\u00ean ta g\u00e9m h\u1ed3 hay d\u00f9ng \u0111inh, g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u l\u00ean m\u1ed1c, ph\u00e1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c ph\u00eda trong. L\u00e0m c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c ph\u00eda tr\u00ean r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed1c \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa t\u01b0\u1eddng. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t. M\u1eb7t s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\n2. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi tr\u00e1t:
\n\u2013 Nh\u00ecn chung k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tr\u00e1t c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.
\n\u2013 Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00e1t tr\u1ea7n, d\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed9t sau.
\n\u2013 Tr\u00e1t theo b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u. N\u00ean tr\u00e1t th\u1eed v\u00e0i ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.
\n\u2013 Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t t\u1eeb 10 \u2013 20mm, khi tr\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp m\u1ecfng t\u1eeb 5-8mm. N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1t qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng, d\u1ed9t, n\u1ee9t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n 5mm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n 8mm. Khi ng\u1eebng tr\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eebng h\u00ecnh g\u00e3y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eb3ng, c\u1eaft l\u1edbp v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c.
\n\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 03 l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t l\u00f3t, l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i.
\n\u2013 D\u00f9ng v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng m\u00e1c 75.
\n\u2013 L\u1edbp v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh; lo\u1ea1i v\u1eefa v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y l\u1edbp v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf; b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp v\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n ph\u1eb3ng; c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1edd c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i ngang b\u1eb1ng hay th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.
\n\u2013 C\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u1eefa trang tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao.
\n\u2013 Ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u00f5 nh\u1eb9 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 b\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1t l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3 ra, mi\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t m\u00e9p v\u1eefa xung quanh, \u0111\u1ec3 cho se m\u1eb7t m\u1edbi tr\u00e1t s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec3 sau khi tr\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe n\u1ee9t, g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1, n\u1ebd ch\u00e2n chim ho\u1eb7c v\u1eefa ch\u1ea3y. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ed5 tr\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, g\u1edd c\u1eeda, ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00e2n l\u00f2, b\u1ebfp, c\u00e1c ch\u1ed5 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh c\u1ed9t, g\u1edd c\u1eeda, t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng, s\u1eafc c\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00e1c g\u1edd b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau. M\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1edbp v\u1eefa tr\u00e1t \u0103n sau v\u00e0o d\u01b0\u1edbi khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10mm.
\n\u2013 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o hay tr\u00ean cao.
\n\u2013 Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p gi\u1eefa g\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi g\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed7 r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi tr\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 Khi tr\u00e1t xong th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i che \u0111\u1eady c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 va ch\u1ea1m do v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o. Ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1t, lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1t trong 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ng\u00e0y.
\n\u2013 Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00f4 tr\u00e1t n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u1eefa c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1, s\u1ecfi\u2026 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngay.
\n\u2013 T\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eefa r\u01a1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1eadt l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp.
\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i x\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00e1t. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c x\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ea5y.
\nIII. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C L\u00c1NG:
\n+ L\u1edbp l\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng g\u1ea1ch v\u1ee1, b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o chung g\u1ed3m l\u1edbp v\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1edbp l\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t.
\n+ L\u1edbp v\u1eefa l\u00e1ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y t\u1eeb 2-3cm, d\u00f9ng v\u1eefa l\u00e1ng xi m\u0103ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng m\u00e1c 75 \u2013 100.
\n+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1t g\u1ed3m: bay, b\u00e0n xoa, th\u01b0\u1edbc, niv\u00f4, d\u00e2y d\u1ecdi\u2026\u2026 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00e1t l\u00e0 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o.
\n+ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e1ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u1eadt s\u1ea1ch k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ea7n l\u00e1ng, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng ta ph\u1ea3i chia \u00f4 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ed1c t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1ng, cao \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n s\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra r\u1ed3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c g\u00f3c xung quanh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e1ng.
\n+ khi l\u00e1ng xong ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1ng (che \u0111\u1eady c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn) tr\u00e1nh 9id l\u1ea1i tu\u1ef3 ti\u1ec7n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i ph\u1ea3i l\u00f3t v\u00e1n v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u1edbi l\u00e1ng xong.
\n+ Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed9 cho l\u1edbp l\u00e1ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e1ng v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1eeb 7 -10 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi l\u00e1ng cong ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ed9.
\nIV. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C \u1ed0P, L\u00c1T:
\n+ Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u1ed1p l\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. O\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1t.
\n1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u1ed1p l\u00e1t:
\n+ Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebf \u1ed1p l\u00e1t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u00e1y s\u1eafc
\nnh\u01b0 g\u1ea1ch men Ceramic, g\u1ea1ch men,\u0111\u00e1 Granite\u2026\u2026 g\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00fang qui c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t hoa v\u0103n.
\n+ V\u1eefa l\u00f3t d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 xi m\u0103ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 pha tr\u1ed9n 5% h\u1ed3 v\u00f4i so v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebdo c\u1ee7a v\u1eefa \u1ed1p.
\n+ D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed3m: bay, niv\u00f4, th\u01b0\u1edbc, dao c\u1eaft g\u1ea1ch, gi\u1ebb s\u1ea1ch, d\u00e2y\u2026\u2026
\n+ D\u1ea1t b\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n \u1ed1p, cho th\u00eam v\u1eefa v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng.
\n+ Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n \u1ed1p l\u00e1t, s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng.
\n2. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khi \u1ed1p l\u00e1t:
\n+ \u1ed0p: D\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang \u1edd ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1ch n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n \u1ed1p. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u1ed1c \u1edf hai b\u00ean, tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa v\u00e1o hai vi\u00ean m\u1ed1c d\u00ednh v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o hai vi\u00ean m\u1ed1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, c\u0103ng d\u00e2y theo h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00e1t v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng \u1ed1p g\u1ea1ch h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. C\u0103ng d\u00e2y theo 2 h\u00e0ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng hai b\u00ean \u1ed1p c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ph\u00eda trong, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf \u1ed1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n \u1ed1p. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng tr\u1eafng ch\u00e0 l\u00ean c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1ch (ch\u00e0 joint).
\n+ L\u00e1t: Trong khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n l\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng xung quanh xem c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ch\u01b0a. X\u1ebfp \u01b0\u1edbm h\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch xung quanh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch g\u00f3c. R\u1ea3i v\u1eefa l\u00f3t c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ea1ch g\u00f3c b\u1eb1ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7n l\u00f3t, l\u00e1t h\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch \u1edf ph\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u0103ng d\u00e2y theo hai h\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00f3t c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng b\u00ean trong. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng tr\u1eafng ch\u00e0 l\u00ean c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a g\u1ea1ch (ch\u00e0 joint).
\n+ Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 2m \u0111\u1eb7t \u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p qui \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1mm tr\u00ean 1m chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p l\u00e1t, khe h\u1edf c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2mm.
\n+ Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y m\u1ea1ch \u1ed1p gi\u1eefa hai vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang l\u00e0 3mm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 200 x 200mm, 2mm v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 200 x 200; v\u1edbi g\u1ea1ch men s\u1ee9, g\u1ea1ch g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa l\u1ea5y theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch v\u1eefa ngang d\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i s\u1eafc n\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, no v\u1eefa.
\n+ Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9 ch oc\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e9p gi\u1eef m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p. C\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft neo gi\u1eef (\u0111inh, ch\u1ed1t, m\u00f3c) ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng r\u1ec9.
\n+ Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi \u1ed1p l\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ea9n t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p, v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ebb lau. Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ea5m \u1ed1p g\u00e2y v\u1ee1. Hoa v\u0103n khi \u1ed1p l\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00e0 joint ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\n+ Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ed1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t xong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ea7m, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u1ed1p ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ed1p ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ebft d\u00ednh d\u1ea7u, m\u1ee1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.
\n+ M\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00ea t\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ed1p ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh x\u1eddm, m\u1eb7t v\u1eefa cement tr\u00e1t ch\u1ed5 \u1ed1p kh\u00f4ng xoa nh\u1eb5n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00eda th\u00e0nh l\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 tr\u00e1m. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch kh\u00eda kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 5cm v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch \u1ed1p.
\n+ V\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec7m gi\u1eefa k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 g\u1ea1ch \u1ed1p ph\u1ea3i d\u00ednh k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bong d\u1ed9p, khi v\u1ed7 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp b\u1ed9p. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u1ed1p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean g\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb b\u1ed9p.<\/p>\n

V. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C QU\u00c9T V\u00d4I V\u00c0 S\u01a0N:
\n+ C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i v\u00e0 s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi tr\u00e1t xong nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i:
\nV\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4i t\u00f4i ch\u00edn s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi pha n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 qu\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng th\u00ec khi qu\u00e9t v\u1ecdi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec7 sinh k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00e1t ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ec3 d\u00e1ng h\u01a1n. Ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e9t hai l\u1edbp: l\u1edbp l\u00f3t (qu\u00e9t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebfn hai n\u01b0\u1edbc) v\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t. L\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e9t l\u1edbp sau. Dung c\u1ee5 qu\u00e9t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed5i, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e9t ngang v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng (qu\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1eddng), qu\u00e9t tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ed5i song song v\u1edbi c\u1eeda. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 qu\u00e9t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p, qu\u00e9t tr\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e9t sau, qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00f3c l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng tr\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eb7t qu\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb loang l\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 ra v\u1ebft ch\u1ed5i hay gi\u1ecdt v\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1edbi qu\u00e9t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u00e0u s\u1eafc l\u1edbp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00fa \u00fd qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u00ean ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. Khi qu\u00e9t n\u00ean che \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea9n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc:
\nB\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t v\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb9p ho\u00e0n m\u0129, sang tr\u1ecdng.
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3 mastic nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n m\u1ecbn cho t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1edd v\u1eady l\u1edbp s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u01a1n b\u1ea3 mastic: ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eb5n, b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng bong r\u1ed9p b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp b\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 3mm, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t mastic kh\u00f4ng s\u01a1n ph\u0169 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u.
\n+ C\u00e1c l\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi l\u1edbp mastic nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:
\n+ L\u1edbp mastic b\u1ecb b\u1ee5i ph\u1ea5n:
\n+ Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 kh\u00f4, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nh\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u00fat h\u1ebft v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, do \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ninh k\u1ebft (ch\u00edn) c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u00ean l\u1edbp mastic bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ee5i ph\u1ea5n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi pha tr\u1ed9n xong \u0111\u00e3 thi c\u00f4ng ngay, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd cho ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.
\n+ Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: Bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf h\u1ebft l\u1edbp mastic n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed5i c\u1ecf, Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4 qu\u00e1 th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u1ea9m. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc pha tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea7n theo \u0111\u00fang t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc 1, b\u1ed9t 3 (trong kho\u1ea3ng 16 -18 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch cho m\u1ed9t bao 40kg). Tr\u1ed9n cho th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 7 \u0111\u1ebfn 10 ph\u00fat cho ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1eady l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi c\u00f4ng.
\n+ L\u1edbp mastic b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n chim:
\n+ Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: Do l\u1edbp mastic n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1t qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y, v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p l\u00e0 3mm.
\n+ Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c: C\u1ea1o b\u1ecf h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 n\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n chim. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0l \u00f5m s\u00e2u qu\u00e1, th\u00ec n\u00ean d\u00f9ng h\u1ed3 xi m\u0103ng t\u00f4 th\u00eam cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1eb3ng, r\u1ed3i tr\u00e1t l\u1edbp mastic m\u1edbi.
\n+ Ngo\u00e0i s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u01a1n c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1n c\u1eeda \u0111i, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n trang tr\u00ed m\u00e0u\u2026\u2026Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi qu\u00e9t ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m v\u00e0o l\u1edbp s\u01a1n c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt. Ch\u1ecdn s\u01a1n \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 ra. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e9t s\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 (l\u1edbp s\u01a1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbp s\u01a1n trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 (s\u01a1n l\u00e2u kh\u00f4).
\n+ S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e9t l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e9t l\u1edbp l\u00f3t sau \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e9t l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t. L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 l\u1edbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4 m\u1edbi qu\u00e9t l\u1edbp sau. Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t khi s\u01a1n c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a kh\u00f4.
\n+ Ch\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e9t sao cho l\u1edbp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb c\u1eeda v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n, theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1edb g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t g\u1ed7.
\n+ C\u00e1c l\u1ed5i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc:
\n+ M\u00e0n s\u01a1n b\u1ecb r\u1ed5: Tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed5.
\n+ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t: Do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng m\u1ea9u s\u01a1n kh\u00f4. V\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau: S\u01a1n b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a s\u01a1n khi thi c\u00f4ng hay do b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o. Sau khi thi c\u00f4ng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u00e1y s\u01a1n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. V\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i (sau khi x\u1ea3 nh\u00e1m l\u1edbp mastic).
\n+ Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 l\u1ed5: do pha s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed. Khi thi c\u00f4ng th\u00ec b\u1ecdt kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n. Khi kh\u00f4 v\u1ee1 ra th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u01a1n dung m\u00f4i \u2013 s\u01a1n d\u1ea7u \u2013 th\u00ec do x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb nh\u0103n: Sau khi kh\u00f4 m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb nh\u0103n nheo, s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0\u1ee3t, ph\u1eb3ng.
\n+ Con l\u0103n (roller) kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p: Con l\u0103n c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 v\u00e2n l\u1edbn s\u1ea7n s\u00f9i. S\u01a1n qu\u00e1 d\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ch\u1ed5 d\u00e0y, ch\u1ed5 m\u1ecfng l\u00e0m cho s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac. B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u00f4 n\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb nh\u0103n. S\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u1eddi n\u1eafng g\u1eaft, l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb kh\u00f4 qu\u00e1 nhanh, l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp kh\u00f4 n\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i b\u1ecb nh\u0103n. S\u01a1n xong g\u1eb7p tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho l\u1edbp trong kh\u00f4 ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4 nhanh.
\n+ M\u00e0u s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t: khi ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n m\u00e0u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u.
\n+ Do kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfu th\u00f9ng s\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u0103n. Th\u1ee3 thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u tay. D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau. D\u1eb7m v\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n thi c\u00f4ng s\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c nhau.
\n+ S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n ho\u00e1: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng.
\n+ D\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n r\u1ebd ti\u1ec1n, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n\/ ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng cao. Tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n. Do pha s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1n.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p: Sau khi kh\u00f4, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00fai (b\u00f3ng) kh\u00ed trong m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n.
\n+ Do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Do thi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 \u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft qu\u00e1 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. Th\u1eddi gian s\u01a1n c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u01a1n dung m\u00f4i: Do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao dung m\u00f4i bay h\u01a1i nhanh tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n ch\u01b0a li\u00ean k\u1ebft.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c: Sau khi kh\u00f4, m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c, c\u00f3 hai hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: tr\u00f3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng, tr\u00f3c 1 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n 1 l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng.
\n+ X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, c\u00f2n b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m hay c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u, m\u1ee1, s\u00e1p\u2026\u2026Thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n l\u00f3t\u2026\u2026Do m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ed3ng r\u1ed9p ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea5n ho\u00e1. D\u00f9ng l\u1edbp s\u01a1n h\u1ec7 dung m\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 dung m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp s\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thi c\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o m\u00e0ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n bay h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 nhanh.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb: Sau khi kh\u00f4, m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft r\u1ea1n, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.
\n+ S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n r\u1ebd ti\u1ec1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Pha qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c l\u0103n s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng. D\u00f9ng hai l\u1edbp s\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 co d\u00e3n kh\u00e1c nhau. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp mastic kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u0103n, n\u1ee9t. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u1eadt c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n y\u1ebfu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00f3ng b\u1ecb l\u00fan, t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb x\u00e9.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb r\u00eau m\u1ed1c: Sau khi kh\u00f4, tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m, v\u1ec7t m\u1ed1c \u0111en.
\n+ Do b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n b\u1ecb \u1ea9m. S\u01a1n l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed1c s\u1eb5n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua x\u1eed l\u00fd. S\u01a1n l\u1edbp s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 s\u01a1n m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u00f9ng s\u01a1n n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111em s\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u: Sau khi kh\u00f4 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n m\u00e0u.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. D\u00f9ng s\u01a1n n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t \u0111em s\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t. B\u1ecb ch\u00e1y do ki\u1ec1m ho\u00e1: do kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec1m. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00f9ng m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y ki\u1ec1m ( ki\u1ec1m ho\u00e1): M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1m loang.
\n+ Do \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3, v\u1eefa qu\u00e1 cao t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n, l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n. Do l\u1edbp v\u1eefa h\u1ed3 qu\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp mastic c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m cao. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t ch\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec1m.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed1i ho\u00e1: b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ch\u1ea5t tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u01a1n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1eadm.
\n+ Do thi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u1ea9m. S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i canxi CaCO3 do \u1ea9m v\u00e0 m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u00e1: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf s\u01a1n dung m\u00f4i.
\n+ Do h\u1ed3 v\u1eefa m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u1ec1m cao ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u01a1n. Do x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0u: khi d\u1eb7m v\u00e1 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u00e0u.
\n+ Do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb7m v\u00e1. L\u1edbp l\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00f3t, n\u00ean khi d\u1eb7m v\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 hai l\u00ea l\u1edbp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eb7m v\u00e1. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi d\u1eb7m v\u00e1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi khi s\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp s\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 k\u00e9m. Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng k\u0129.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 k\u00e9m: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng che ph\u1ee7 h\u1ebft l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n.
\n+ Pha s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n r\u1ebd ti\u1ec1n. Gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang qui tr\u00ecnh. Tay ngh\u1ec1 thi c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p, l\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.
\n+ M\u00e0ng s\u01a1n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y: B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0ng s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Do v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ef9, c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp mastic. Pha s\u01a1n qu\u00e1 lo\u00e3ng, tay ngh\u1ec1 thi c\u00f4ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

VI. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C GIA C\u00d4NG, L\u1eaeP \u0110\u1eb6T C\u1eecA:
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao, n\u00ean t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.
\n\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1eeda ph\u1ea3i tho\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sau:
\n+ \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\n+ \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.
\n+ Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c.
\n+ V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1eeda:
\nV\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7, s\u1eaft, nh\u00f4m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. Ri\u00eang v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee7a g\u1ed7 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eeda t\u1eeb 13% \u0111\u1ebfn 17% nh\u1edd qua l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y.
\n+ Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh: y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a khung c\u00e1nh, b\u1ec1n, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh khi gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft g\u1ed7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m <= 15%.
\nC\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1eeda.
\n+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c thanh c\u1eeda, khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda, khung c\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khung c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00edt, ke ch\u00eca ra ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9.
\n+ Li\u00ean k\u1ebft khung c\u1eeda v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh, b\u1eadt s\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c v\u00edt n\u1edf.
\n+ N\u1eb9p c\u1eeda c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i su\u1ed1t d\u1ecdc thanh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p m\u00e0u c\u1eeda, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng \u0111inh v\u00edt.
\nPh\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng c\u1eeda: S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng theo \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ea9u m\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nKhi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1eeda \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng cong v\u00eanh.
\n+ L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda khi thi c\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1, b\u1eadt s\u1eaft li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng v\u1eefa xi m\u0103ng c\u00e1t v\u00e0ng.
\n+ B\u1ed9 c\u1eeda sau khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1m cho khi l\u1edbp v\u1eefa g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.
\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o bao b\u1ecdc k\u00edn c\u1eeda \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00e0o.
\nVII. C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C CH\u1ed0NG TH\u1ea4M, CH\u1ed0NG N\u00d3NG M\u00c1I, S\u00caN\u00d4:
\n\u0110\u1eb7t \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a cho m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf
\nQuanh ch\u00e2n \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n s\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n k\u1ef9 b\u1eb1ng cao su t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.
\n+ Mi\u1ec7ng thu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i chi\u1ec1u d\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u00ean\u00f4.
\n+ Mi\u1ec7ng thu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac khi \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u00ean\u00f4.
\n+ \u0110\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eafn r\u00e1c tr\u00ean mi\u1ec7ng thu c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t.
\n+ Ch\u00e2n \u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng l\u1ea5y r\u00e1c ra kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.
\n+ C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u00ean m\u00e1i.
\n+ Ng\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc xi m\u0103ng 8kg\/m3, 7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, 2 gi\u1edd khu\u1ea5y 1 l\u1ea7n cho s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.
\n+ l\u00e0ng v\u1eefa theo \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u00e1c v\u1eefa, \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u:
\nL\u00e1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u0103ng gi\u00f3ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn tick\u00ea hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u1ea3i l\u1edbp v\u1eefa \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. D\u00f9ng b\u00e0n xoa g\u1ed7 v\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 xoa ph\u1eb3ng. B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi gian 7 ng\u00e0y.
\nM\u1ecdi l\u1edbp l\u00e1ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ee7ng l\u00ean s\u00e0n khu d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e9n l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng >30cm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5m qua t\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n+ \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m t\u1ed1t, l\u1edbp b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:
\nTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m theo c\u1ea5p ph\u1ed1i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\n\u0110\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y.
\nB\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t.
\nVII. M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 V\u1ec0 T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C THI C\u00d4NG TRONG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C HO\u00c0N THI\u1ec6N:
\nSo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1eafc khe v\u1ec1 th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tay ngh\u1ec1 cao, c\u00f3 con m\u1eaft th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 s\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn n\u00f3i ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 10 ng\u00e0nh m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ta m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3. Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ef9 quan \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m sau c\u00f9ng.
\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng theo m2, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i ngo\u00e0i.
\nT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t, nh\u1eafc nh\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng sai s\u00f3t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n song song v\u1edbi nhau n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian. Khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u ho\u00e0n hoa\u00f8n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1t\u2026\u2026D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 cao nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y khoan l\u1ed5 g\u1ea1ch, m\u00e1y m\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng cao\u2026\u2026
\nC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong s\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o \u1edf tr\u00ean cao. H\u1ec7 gi\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thang d\u00e2y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng.
\n***** C\u00c1C SAI S\u1ed0 CHO PH\u00c9P THEO QUY PH\u1ea0M:
\nSai s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p: Theo TCVN 4453-87 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd hay ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, sai s\u1ed1 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a v\u00e1n khu\u00f4n thi c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:
\n1. Sai s\u1ed1 so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i:
\na. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9t, t\u01b0\u1eddng:
\n\u2013 D\u00e0i <3m sai s\u1ed1 6mm.
\n\u2013 D\u00e0i <6m hay trong c\u00f9ng 01 t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u sai s\u1ed1 9mm.
\n\u2013 D\u00e0i <12m hay trong c\u00f9ng 01 t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u sai s\u1ed1 18mm.
\nb. C\u1ed9t, khe n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t trang tr\u00ed:
\n\u2013 D\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a 6m sai s\u1ed1 6mm.
\n\u2013 D\u00e0i t\u1ed1i \u0111a 6m sai s\u1ed1 9mm.
\n2. Sai s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed9t so v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c:
\na. Sai s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u2013 s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, tr\u1ea7n nh\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng.
\n\u2013 <3m sai s\u1ed1 6mm.
\n\u2013 <9m sai s\u1ed1 9mm.
\n\u2013 <12m sai s\u1ed1 12mm.
\nb. Sai s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng so v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf
\n\u2013 Trong 01 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ed9t <6m sai s\u1ed1 12mm.
\n\u2013 Trong 01 nh\u1ecbp c\u1ed9t >6m sai s\u1ed1 24mm.
\nKhi thi c\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t.
\nSai s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c l\u1ed5 h\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u1eddng (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i \u0111i, c\u1eeda s\u1ed5) : 24mm.
\nc. Sai s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p:
\nC\u1ed1t th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y b\u1ec7 t\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 20mm \u00b1 8m. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thanh th\u00e9p \u00b1 12mm. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9, s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00fang TCVN.
\nd. X\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t:
\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e9p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u1ea1o h\u1ebft r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng r\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp s\u01a1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 50 \u00b5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi s\u01a1n ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 48 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 s\u01a1n cho th\u1eadt kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

AN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00fac thi c\u00f4ng, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao m\u1edbi gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t.
\nTh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f2n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m \u1ed9t nh\u00f3m k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng cho h\u1ecd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00ec khi x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 khi ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ti\u1ebfp.
\nT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 03 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n.
\nNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng:
\n\u2013 Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 C\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n trong khu v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.
\n\u2013 Tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.
\n\u2013 Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn an to\u00e0n khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng.
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n\u2013 Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, b\u00e1o l\u00ean ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.
\n\u2013 Nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.
\n\u2013 Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 huy tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh:
\nTh\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ed5 an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong t\u1ed5.
\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c quy ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh.
\nTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.
\nT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn y t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u1edf c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nL\u1eadp s\u1ed5 theo d\u00f5i, ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp giao ban.
\nKhen th\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m.
\nTi\u1ebfp thu \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.
\nNhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng:
\nNh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.
\nC\u1ea9n th\u1eadn l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m.
\nTu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nL\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1eeba, l\u00e0m \u1ea9u, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n.
\nLo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n d6\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra t\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.
\nC\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.
\nPh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u00f3p \u00fd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vi ph\u1ea1m quy t\u1eafc an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nQUY T\u1eaeC AN TO\u00c0N \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u00d2NG TAI N\u1ea0N V\u1eacT R\u01a0I, \u0110\u1ed4 TR\u00caN C\u00d4NG TR\u01af\u1edcNG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG:
\nC\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thi c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng tai n\u1ea1n v\u1eadt r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed5.
\nKhi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf trong t\u00fai qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec1, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (nh\u01b0 n\u00f3n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng),\u2026\u2026\u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f9a ngh\u1ecbch, tung n\u00e9m d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt g\u00ec trong khu v\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng.
\nKhi gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o cao h\u01a1n 6m, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai t\u1ea7ng s\u00e0n. S\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c b\u00ean tr\u00ean, s\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean hai s\u00e0n th\u00ec gi\u1eefa hai s\u00e0n c\u00f3 s\u00e0n hay l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. S\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u00ean trong nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y, th\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t r\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea5m, c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng 1,5m n\u1ebfu x\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n 7m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng 2m n\u1ebfu x\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 7m. kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u1edf hai t\u1ea7ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi.
\nKhi th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 coffa ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng coffa r\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb s\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. Coffa sau khi th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ed5 \u0111inh v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o n\u01a1i qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 coffa l\u00ean s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, chi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u thang, ban c\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t d\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i s\u00e1t c\u1ea1nh l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c n\u00e9m coffa t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng.
\nC\u00e1c h\u1ed1 c\u1ea7u thang, m\u00e9p s\u00e0n t\u1ea7ng, l\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026\u2026ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 lan can, r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn, bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o, lu\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 che \u0111\u1eady. C\u00e1c l\u1ed1i \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i ph\u00eca d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 che ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, Trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u00e0n, l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
\nKhi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1eeba, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao tr\u00ean 3m xu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng kh\u00e1c. Mi\u1ec7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 1m. kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1eeba, th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean cao xu\u1ed1ng khi b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng l\u0103n, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t theo m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp t\u1ea3i l\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, thang, s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c\u2026\u2026kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n r\u00e0o, gi\u0103ng d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o\u2026\u2026tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n th\u00edch \u1ee9ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u l\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng, b\u00e1m tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111i qua ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau khi bu\u1ed9c m\u00f3c, ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao 20cm r\u1ed3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i.
\nQUY T\u1eaeC AN TO\u00c0N S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG THI\u1ebeT B\u1eca N\u00c2NG:
\nThi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u00fang quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o (c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb), hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.
\n\u0110\u1eb7t c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng, k\u00ea l\u00f3t ch\u1ed1ng l\u00fan b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c.
\nPh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:
\n1,5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 1KV
\n2,0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 1-22KV
\n4,0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 35-110KV
\n6,0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 220KV
\n9,0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 500KV
\nPh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb ph\u1ea7n quay c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 1m.
\nPh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng. N\u1ebfu l\u00e1i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9u th\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y t\u1ea3i th\u00ec t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u do c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00f3c c\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.
\nPh\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u00e2y c\u00e1p th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng, x\u00edch bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1ecb d\u1eadp, b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, n\u1ed5, r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t\u2026qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ph\u00e9p th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i ghi v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 theo d\u00f5i v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.
\nPh\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bu\u1ed9c m\u00f3c t\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ed9t r\u01a1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea9u chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00f3c t\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00f3c t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ebb an to\u00e0n.
\nKhi thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea9u b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hai c\u1ea9u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thi c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u00ean m\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i. Ph\u1ea3i giao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e2ng chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 huy trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e2ng chuy\u1ec3n.
\nKhi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:
\nC\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. C\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u01a1n tay c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong b\u00e1n k\u00ednh tay c\u1ea7n r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng khi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t d\u00e2y ch\u1eebng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau m\u00e2m xe c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng.
\nC\u1ea5m c\u1ea9u qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng.
\nC\u1ea5m n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea3i l\u00ean th\u00f9ng xe \u00f4t\u00f4 khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean th\u00f9ng xe.
\nC\u1ea5m c\u1ea9u t\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00e2y c\u00e1p xi\u00ean, c\u1ea5m k\u00e9o l\u00ea t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.
\nC\u1ea5m c\u1ea9u t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb v\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u1ecb v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e8 l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

QUY T\u1eaeC AN TO\u00c0N L\u00c0M VI\u1ec6C TR\u00caN CAO TRONG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG:
\nC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan y t\u1ebf c\u1ea5p, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c trang b\u1ecb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n, n\u00f3n nh\u1ef1a c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e1n l\u00f3t, than\u2026\u2026kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 thai, \u0111ang cho con b\u00fa, tr\u1ebb em d\u01b0\u1edbi 18 tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao.
\nNh\u1eefng gi\u1ebfng h\u1ea7m h\u1ed1 tr\u00ean m\u0103t b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ed5 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e0n t\u1ea7ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn v\u00e0 r\u00e0o ng\u0103n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. T\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed1i \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean cao nguy hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 lan can b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, lan can b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i cao 1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai thanh ngang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb ng\u00e3.
\nThang di \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn: chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n thang \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0,5m thang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ecdt, o\u1eb1n cong khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a thang ph\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Thang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n gi\u1eef ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1c thang nghi\u00eang v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u1eb1m ngang l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 600 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 450. khi n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i thang ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u thang ph\u1ea3i neo bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng an to\u00e0n chung c\u1ee7a thang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\nPh\u1ea3i l\u00f3t v\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c thang tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u1ee3p tole Fibr\u00f4 xim\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c tole nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n di chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m \u0111i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m tole Fibr\u00f4 xim\u0103ng, tole nh\u1ef1a.
\nKhi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 250 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang g\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7t qua b\u1edd n\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u1ea1i an to\u00e0n.
\nKh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, n\u00f4i, thang khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c m\u00f3c neo, d\u00e2y ch\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u00e9m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 lan can, m\u00e1i \u0111ua, ban c\u00f4ng\u2026c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u01b0a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c neo gi\u1eef. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.
\nC\u1ea5m x\u1ebfp t\u1ea3i l\u00ean gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, n\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nKhi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2m tr\u1edf l\u00ean ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, s\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean tr\u00ean, s\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.
\nC\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u1ed1i \u0111i l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ph\u1ea3i theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\nKh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o\u2026tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao.
\nGI\u1ea2I PH\u00c1P \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u00d2NG \u0110I\u1ec6N CH\u1ea0M M\u00c1T (trong l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 trung t\u00ednh n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp)
\nB\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,5 M(. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd l\u1ecbch m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00ec ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n (6 th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c 1 n\u0103m\/l\u1ea7n).
\nV\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2026\u2026ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d.
\nD\u00e2y \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u P.E) l\u00e0 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m trung t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn \u00e1p (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u 3 pha) ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n 1 pha).
\nD\u00e2y P.E ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0.5 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00e2y pha.
\nTr\u00ean c\u00e2y pha ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (ch\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, CB\u2026\u2026) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch (d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch d\u00e2y pha \u2013d\u00e2y P.E) kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 l\u1ea7n d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, \u00e1p t\u00f4 m\u00e1t :Inm >= 3Icc.
\nD\u00e2y \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (d\u00e2y P.E) ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n n\u1ed1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d c\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh r\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 200m.
\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, c\u1ea7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 (ELCB ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u dao ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tin c\u1eady.
\nKhi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ELCB c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y pha v\u00e0 d\u00e2y trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u1ee7a ELCB (lo\u1ea1i ELCB 3 pha 4 c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ELCB 1 pha 2 c\u1ef1c). D\u00e2y \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 P.E kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i qua ELCB.
\nV. QUY T\u1eaeC AN TO\u00c0N \u0110\u1ed0I V\u1edaI \u0110I\u1ec6N CAO TH\u1ebe:
\n\u2013 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y l\u1eafp, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n: kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1eed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp 2 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00e2y c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.
\n\u2013 Khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong v\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n cho vi\u1ec7c thi c\u00f4ng. V\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (KV) Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch
\n(m\u00e9t)
\nD\u01b0\u1edbi 1 2,0
\nT\u1eeb 1 \u2013 20 10
\n35 15
\n110 20
\nT\u1eeb 150 \u2013 220 25<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n cao th\u1ebf. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:
\n\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i
\nTr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng( KV) V\u1edbi t\u1eebng d\u00e2y pha (m\u00e9t)<\/p>\n

15 KV (d\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc) 1,0
\n15 KV (d\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc) 2,0
\n110 KV 4,0
\n220 KV 6,0
\nQUY T\u1eaeC AN TO\u00c0N H\u00c0N \u0110I\u1ec6N:
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e0n:
\n-Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.
\n-\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u00ednh h\u00e0n, t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1ea5y, g\u0103ng tay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. Khi h\u00e0n trong h\u1ea7m, th\u00f9ng, khoang, b\u1ec3 k\u00edn, n\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt\u2026c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e0n c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb g\u0103ng tay, gi\u00e0y c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u00e0n v\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:
\n-M\u00e1y h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t: c\u00f3 v\u1ecf bao che t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1ecf m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Quy ph\u1ea1m n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1eb9p b\u1eb1ng bul\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\n-K\u00ecm h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 tay c\u1ea7m b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t. D\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb tr\u00f3c v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, d\u00e2y m\u00e1t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng keo c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edm h\u00e0n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf, k\u00ecm h\u00e0n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, m\u00f3c l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\n-\u0110\u1eb7t m\u00e1y h\u00e0n \u1edfv\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. Khu v\u1ef1c h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. Khi h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5, ch\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5.
\nKhi h\u00e0n tr\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e0n th\u00ec th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00fai \u0111\u1ef1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 m\u1ea9u que h\u00e0n th\u1eeba.
\nKhi h\u00e0n tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c nhau, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p che ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecf, m\u1ea9u que h\u00e0n th\u1eeba, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ki\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi, r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.
\nKhi \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n cho m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i do th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ph\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea7u dao, \u00e1p t\u00f4 m\u00e1t. M\u1ed7i m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u dao ri\u00eang. C\u1ea5m r\u1ea3i d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nKhi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n:
\nC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00e0n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1o ngay cho th\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.
\nC\u1ea5m s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa m\u00e1y h\u00e0n khi \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nKhi h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m, th\u00f9ng, khoang, b\u1ec3 k\u00edn (ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n tr\u00ean cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c), ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm v\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111eo d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y d\u1ea9n t\u1edbi ch\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t (\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1).
\nC\u1ea5m h\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m, th\u00f9ng khoang, b\u1ec3 k\u00edn \u0111ang c\u00f3 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. C\u1ea5m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nKhi h\u00e0n c\u00f3 to\u1ea3 b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi h\u00e0n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng, bu\u1ed3ng, khoang, b\u1ec3 k\u00edn ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 c\u1ea5p, h\u00fat v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 h\u00fat c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u1edf ch\u1ed5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n. Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00fat ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3i ra ngo\u00e0i khu v\u1ef1c l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ea5p.
\nChi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng, khoang, b\u1ec3 k\u00edn ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee7ng \u0111\u00e8n di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 12V ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfu t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P \u0110\u1ec0 PH\u00d2NG CH\u00c1Y \u0110I\u1ec6N:
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i:
\nKhi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00e2y d\u1eabn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u01b0 \u00fbd\u1ee5ng.
\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u00fd c\u00e2u m\u1eafc th\u00eam qua nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng.
\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u00e2y d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nKhi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec, \u00e1pt\u00f4m\u00e1t.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch:
\nKh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nC\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng \u0111inh, d\u00e2y th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n.
\nC\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i d\u00e2y c\u1ea7n ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn, c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t so le nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, n\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u1edbn:
\nC\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea5u d\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.
\nKh\u00f4ng treo c\u00e1c v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y.
\nC\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7u dao\u2026\u2026kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00ec t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y do t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n:
\nTruy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i.
\nT\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 70% (khi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1eeb 30 \u2013 40% th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra ch\u00e1y do t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n).
\nC\u00e1c \u0111ai truy\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e0n kim lo\u1ea1i.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y do h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n:
\nD\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u1ed3 quang \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u dao d\u1ea7u, m\u00e1y bi\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, \u0111ui \u0111\u00e8n ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ed5.
\nC\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n \u1ee7i, b\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng nom.
\nC\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec3 ch\u00e1y l\u00e0m chao \u0111\u00e8n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n \u1ee7i, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, b\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i xa c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 0,5m.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y:
\nKhi \u0111\u00f3ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea7n ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.
\n\u0110\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh:
\nC\u1ea7n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eb3ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda cao, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00f4ng.
\nL\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ec7t b\u1ecb c\u1eaft s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecdc s\u00e9t cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

AN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG TRONG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C L\u1eaeP D\u1ef0NG GI\u00c0N D\u00c1O, COFFA, C\u1ed0T TH\u00c9P:
\n\u2013 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean cao l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o.
\n\u2013 L\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\n\u2013 Trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f4 \u0111\u00f9a, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.
\n\u2013 C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfp theo.
\n\u2013 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c neo t\u00ec gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.
\n\u2013 Khi l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u1ea5m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i.
\n\u2013 Th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 xong ph\u1ea3i thu d\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng cho l\u1ea7n sau.
\n\u2013 Khi th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 d\u00f9ng gi\u00e2y, r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c th\u00e1o r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u00ean cao n\u00e9m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng m\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n.
\n\u2013 Ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, khi g\u1eb7p n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00fan. Kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, ch\u1ed1t, kho\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p qu\u00e1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.
\n\u2013 Coffa, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u01a1i v\u1ee5n \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y tai n\u1ea1n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1i.
\n\u2013 Khi l\u1eafp coffa, th\u00e9p ph\u1ea3i\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u1eafp d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i khi h\u1ea1 th\u00e9p d\u1ea7m tr\u00ean s\u00e0n: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ea7m.
\n\u2013 Coffa ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu d\u1ecdn g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau hay tr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p.
\nAN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG TRONG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C \u0110\u1ed4 B\u00ca T\u00d4NG:
\nKhi nghi\u1ec7m thu kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5, c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea7u thang l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0n thao t\u00e1c, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e8n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng, b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ( n\u00f3n c\u1ee9ng, \u1ee7ng cao su, g\u0103ng tay\u2026) cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u00ea t\u00f4ng khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5.
\nKhi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7m \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111em ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\nAN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG TRONG S\u1eec D\u1ee4NG C\u00c1C M\u00c1Y NH\u1ece TRONG X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG (m\u00e1y c\u1eaft, m\u00e1y b\u00e0o, m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y c\u01b0a\u2026)
\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m chung v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.
\nC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y.
\nKi\u1ec3m tra, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.
\nS\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng x\u1ea3y ra cho m\u00e1y.
\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y do nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nV\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y m\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang k\u0129 thu\u1eadt an to\u00e0n c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf m\u00e1y.
\nAN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG TRONG C\u00d4NG T\u00c1C X\u00c2Y T\u00d4, HO\u00c0N THI\u1ec6N B\u1ec0 M\u1eb6T C\u00d4NG TR\u00ccNH:
\nTr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o. \u1ede \u0111\u1ed9 cao 2,5m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a r\u00e1c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn (kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng tung, bu\u1ed9c d\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c x\u1ebfp c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdn tr\u00ean b\u00e0n n\u00e2ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh che ch\u1eafn).
\nC\u1ea5m x\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean cao qu\u00e1 hai t\u1ea7ng khi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng s\u00e0n ch\u01b0a g\u00e1c d\u1ea7m s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0a l\u00e0m s\u00e0n t\u1ea1m \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f3.
\nChi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u1ea5c t\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c hai h\u00e0ng g\u1ea1ch. Khi x\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang x\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 15cm. C\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y.
\nKh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t t\u01b0\u1eddng khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng x\u00e2y.
\nKhi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda trong c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 th\u00ec \u1edf ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t r\u00e0o che ch\u1eafn c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng 1,5m n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y cao ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1 7m v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng 2m n\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 7m.
\nC\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1eeb 1,5m tr\u1edf l\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi x\u00e2y xong.
\nV\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u1ea1ch l\u00ean cao ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ro, tr\u00e1nh qu\u0103ng n\u00e9m.
\nV\u1edbi c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean cao ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u01a1i cheo leo c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n neo bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1edbi cho th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c.
\nPh\u1ea3i ng\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y t\u00f4 n\u1ebfu m\u01b0a to v\u00e0 che ch\u1eafn cho kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y gi\u00e0n d\u00e1o lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc, t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y.
\nS\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed1t, ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1o v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e8n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u1eadp k\u00eanh. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o, gh\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 con l\u0103n, ch\u1ed5i qu\u00e9t, bay, b\u00e0n xoa, v\u00f4i s\u01a1n tr\u00ean s\u00e0n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c (m\u1eb7t gh\u1ebf), v\u00ec di chuy\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t hay b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m.
\nCh\u00e2n thang ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e8n ch\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t. \u0110\u1ea7u thang ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecbt gi\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u00e2y bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00ec v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf trong nh\u00e0.
\nKhi qu\u00e9t v\u00f4i hay s\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 g\u0103ng tay, kh\u1ea9u trang. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean cao \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed5 cheo leo nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i mang d\u00e2y an to\u00e0n.
\nQu\u00e9t v\u00f4i, s\u01a1n \u2026\u2026n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eaft.
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3 mastic ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t tay, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u v\u00ec khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea1nh b\u00e0n b\u1ea3, l\u01b0\u1edfi dao m\u00f3n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n

NH\u1eeeNG BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG KHI X\u1eec L\u00dd NH\u1eeeNG V\u1ee4 VI\u1ec6C LI\u00caN QUAN \u0110\u1ebeN TAI N\u1ea0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG:
\nTrong ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc x\u1ea3y ra.
\nNh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed tr\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng.
\nKhi c\u00f3 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00e1ch n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o cho n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh.
\nV\u1edbi c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, g\u00e3y x\u01b0\u01a1ng ta x\u1eed tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh b\u0103ng b\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t.
\nN\u1ebfu b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ed9t s\u1ed1ng khi di chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.
\nK\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u1eadp bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1ed9i dung bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n trung th\u1ef1c.
\nH\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m, ho\u1eb7c k\u0129 lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n tai n\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c x\u1ea3y ra.
\nC\u00c1C BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P KH\u00c1C LI\u00caN QUAN \u0110\u1ebeN V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 AN TO\u00c0N LAO \u0110\u1ed8NG TR\u00caN C\u00d4NG TR\u01af\u1edcNG:
\nB\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 giao th\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng, trang b\u1ecb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, t\u1ee7 thu\u1ed1c y t\u1ebf. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ec3n b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, n\u1ed9i quy an to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng: l\u00e1i xe, c\u1ea9u ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1ed1 tr\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i lung tung tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.
\nKh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111i l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e0o m\u00e1y x\u00fac. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u00f9ng xe \u00f4 t\u00f4.
\nC\u00f4ng t\u00e1c c\u1ea9u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1, thao t\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t trong gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.
\n\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ed1 m\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u, n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, ban \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft.
\nTr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ef1a n\u00f3ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3n b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tu\u1ef3 theo t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.
\nC\u00d4NG T\u00c1C PH\u00d2NG CH\u00c1Y CH\u1eecA CH\u00c1Y:
\nKhi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng an ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nTrang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, c\u00e1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026\u2026
\nB\u1ed1 tr\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t cho nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.
\nC\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111un n\u1ea5u nh\u1ef1a ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ef1a kh\u1ecfi tr\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1y.
\nV\u1ec6 SINH M\u00d4I TR\u01af\u1edcNG<\/p>\n

Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p che ch\u1eafn, ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i, kh\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n, b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c thi c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd cho t\u1eebng c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n theo qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 kh\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra ban ch\u1ec9 huy c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c v\u1ec7 sinh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nKhi thi c\u00f4ng xong th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu d\u1ecdn v\u1ec7 sinh s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang n\u01a1i qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 khi thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c sau kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh khu v\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng.
\nC\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i sau khi thi c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 sinh cho c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\nC\u00e1c xe v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh r\u01a1i v\u1ea3i khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y ra nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ef9 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1.
\nTr\u1ea1m tr\u1ed9n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee5i, ch\u1ed1ng \u1ed3n t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.
\nNh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ec7 sinh.
\nH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c v\u00ec v\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng thi c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ed2 S\u01a0 HO\u00c0N C\u00d4NG<\/p>\n

H\u1ed2 S\u01a0 PH\u00c1P L\u00dd
\n\u2013 Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.
\n\u2013 Gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng data.
\n\u2013 V\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.
\nQuy ho\u1ea1ch, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.
\n\u2013 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u1ed5ng d\u1ef1 to\u00e1n.
\n\u2013 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y.
\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n\u2013 \u0110\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ( c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, giao th\u00f4ng\u2026\u2026)
\n\u2013 An to\u00e0n \u0111\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3), an to\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng.
\n\u2013 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2013 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.
\n\u2013 T\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u\u2026\u2026)
\nGi\u00e1m s\u00e1t thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y l\u1eafp.
\n\u2013 Ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.
\n\u2013 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp trong n\u01b0\u1edbc (nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5)
\n\u2013 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (th\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp)
\nH\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thi c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp.
\n\u2013 H\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t.
\n\u2013 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\n\u2013 Bi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m tra (nghi\u1ec7m thu ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh) c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n.
\n\u2013 Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng).
\n\u2013 Ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.
\n\u2013 Ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t.
\n\u2013 B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.
\n\u2013 An to\u00e0n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng an to\u00e0n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.
\nT\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2N L\u00dd CH\u1ea4T L\u01af\u1ee2NG
\nB\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ho\u00e0n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n\u2026(c\u00f3 danh m\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo).
\nC\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nCh\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi: b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p, c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u2026\u2026
\nPhi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea9u l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00e9p, c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c.
\nPhi\u1ebfu ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\u2026\u2026
\nC\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c.
\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (gia c\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n, s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ecdc, m\u00f3ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea5t)
\nBi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i.
\nBi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean l\u1ea1c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.
\nBi\u00ean b\u1ea3n th\u1eed c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f2ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1eeda ch\u00e1y.
\nBi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4i sinh (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng).
\nNh\u1eadt k\u00fd theo d\u00f5i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0, nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.
\nBi\u00ean b\u1ea3n nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y l\u1eafp, nghi\u1ec7m thu giai \u0111o\u1ea1n x\u00e2y l\u1eafp, nghi\u1ec7m thu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i, nghi\u1ec7m thu thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, nghi\u1ec7m thu h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, nghi\u1ec7m thu ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.
\nB\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u x\u00e2y l\u1eafp, t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m.
\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi : <\/strong><\/em>x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n

M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/strong> 201XXXX (7 k\u00fd t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1)<\/strong>\u00a0. Xem c\u00e1ch t\u1ea3i ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng Download Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thi c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng M\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u : Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft Huy \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 thi c\u00f4ng: +C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t: Thi c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn huy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bien-phap-thi-cong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=260"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11999,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260\/revisions\/11999"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}