{"id":2079,"date":"2019-09-18T02:56:37","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T02:56:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thuvienxaydung.com.vn\/?p=2079"},"modified":"2019-09-18T03:03:25","modified_gmt":"2019-09-18T03:03:25","slug":"tieu-chuan-xay-dung-tcxdvn-2131998-ve-nha-va-cong-trinh-dan-dung-tu-vung-thuat-ngu-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieuxaydung.net\/?p=2079","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng TCXDVN 213:1998 v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng – T\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng – Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung"},"content":{"rendered":"

TI\u00caU CHU\u1ea8N X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG<\/b><\/p>\n

TCVN 213:1998<\/b><\/p>\n

NH\u00c0 V\u00c0 C\u00d4NG TR\u00ccNH D\u00c2N D\u1ee4NG \u2013 T\u1eea V\u1ef0NG \u2013 THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee CHUNG<\/p>\n

Building and civil engineering \u2013 Vocabulary \u2013 General terms<\/i><\/p>\n

1. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

a) C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u201cNh\u00e0 \u1edf\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cNh\u00e0\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

b) C\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n

2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng<\/b><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho trong lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ngay \u1edf m\u1ee5c t\u1eeb l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c ch\u1eef c\u00e1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t trong lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp theo n\u1eb1m trong ngo\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

3. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n

3.1. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/p>\n

3.1.1. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u2013 construction works<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n

3.1.2. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u2013 civil engineering works<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1o v\u00e9t, tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3.1.3. Nh\u00e0 \u2013 building<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng che cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a b\u00ean trong, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

3.2. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

3.2.1. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 substructure<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 cho.<\/p>\n

3.2.2. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t \u2013 earthworks<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n do \u0111\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3.2.3. H\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u2013 dewatering<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.2.4. H\u00e0o \u2013 trench<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e0o h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

3.2.5. T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn \u2013 retaining wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea5t theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngang ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

3.2.6. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u2013 tunnel<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

3.2.7. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ean tr\u00ean \u2013 superstructure<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3.2.8. C\u1ea7u \u2013 bridge<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng cho ph\u00e9p vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9, s\u00fac v\u1eadt, xe c\u1ed9, xe t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang b\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3.2.9. C\u1ea7u v\u00f2m \u2013 arch bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m.<\/p>\n

3.2.10. C\u1ea7u v\u00f2m c\u00f3 thanh c\u0103ng \u2013 bow string bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m v\u00e0 thanh c\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.11. C\u1ea7u h\u1eabng, c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng x\u00f4n \u2013 cantilever bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1eabng.<\/p>\n

3.2.12. C\u1ea7u d\u00e2y v\u0103ng, d\u00e2y xi\u00ean \u2013 cable-stayed bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ea7m treo b\u1edfi d\u00e2y c\u00e1p b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

3.2.13. C\u1ea7u treo \u2013 suspension bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1p treo s\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

3.2.14. C\u1ea7u phao \u2013 floating bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

3.2.15. C\u1ea7u di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u2013 movable bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay, l\u00f9i ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gian ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3.2.16. C\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t \u2013 bascule bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quay quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c n\u1eb1m ngang, thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho t\u00e0u b\u00e8 qua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3.2.17. C\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng \u2013 lift bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e0u b\u00e8 qua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3.2.18. C\u1ea7u quay \u2013 swing bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 s\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay quanh m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e0u b\u00e8 qua l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3.2.19. C\u1ea7u ch\u00e9o \u2013 skew bridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

3.2.20. C\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ecbp \u2013 viaduct(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n

3.2.21. C\u1ea7u cao \u2013 viaduct(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

3.2.22. C\u1ea7u b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u2013 footbridge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.2.23. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u00fai h\u01a1i \u2013 air-supported structure<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed \u00e9p.<\/p>\n

3.2.24. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 v\u1ecf ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u2013 stressed skin structure<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

3.2.25. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 space structure.<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ba chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec theo g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang b\u1ea5t k\u00ec so v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t k\u00ec.<\/p>\n

3.2.26. Th\u00e1p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 water tower<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t cao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

3.2.27. Xil\u00f4 \u2013 silo<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

3.2.28. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y \u2013 road; roadway<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho xe c\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.2.29. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 – highway<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng kinh ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng \u00edch.<\/p>\n

3.2.30. Lu\u1ed3ng xe ch\u1ea1y \u2013 carriageway<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 d\u00e0nh cho xe c\u1ed9. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5, l\u1ed1i r\u1ebd, d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed7 d\u1eebng xe bu\u00fdt.<\/p>\n

3.2.31. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng xa l\u1ed9 – motorway<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai lu\u1ed3ng xe ch\u1ea1y ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ngang b\u1edfi l\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i xe c\u01a1 gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

3.2.32. L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9ng. D\u1ea3i d\u1eebng xe kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u2013 hard shoulder<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n k\u1ec1 b\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng xe ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed7 xe khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

3.2.33. D\u1ea3i xe \u0111\u1ea1p \u2013 cycle track<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho xe \u0111\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng cho xe m\u00e1y.<\/i><\/p>\n

3.2.34. V\u1ec9a h\u00e8 \u2013 road kerb<\/p>\n

V\u1ec9a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cao l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o b\u1edd cho m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

3.2.35. L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ec1m \u2013 soft shoulder<\/p>\n

L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng cho xe c\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

3.2.36. L\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 verge(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n xa l\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i lu\u1ed3ng xe ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1t b\u1edd \u0111\u1eafp ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1t ch\u00e2n ta-luy \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

3.2.37. D\u1ea3i ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u2013 central reserve<\/p>\n

D\u1ea3i trung gian ng\u0103n chia c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng xe ch\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xe ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

3.2.38. Lu\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0n giao th\u00f4ng \u2013 traffic lane<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n xe, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u lu\u1ed3ng xe; \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

3.2.39. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, ng\u1ea7m \u2013 underpass<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.40. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng chui \u2013 road over railway<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

3.2.41. C\u1ea7u v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u2013 flyover<\/p>\n

\u0110o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y hay m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho giao th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.42. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u2013 bridge over railway<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

3.2.43. L\u1ed1i \u0111i b\u1ed9 – footpath<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.2.44. H\u00e8 \u2013 footway<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

3.2.45. B\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe \u2013 vehicle park<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe.<\/p>\n

3.2.46. Ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed7 – parking space<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch cho ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed7 m\u1ed9t xe.<\/p>\n

3.2.47. \u1ed0ng buy \u2013 pipe<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5, tr\u00f2n hay b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fac s\u1eb5n b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p hay th\u00e9p d\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 hay l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

3.2.48. C\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, s\u00e2n bay \u2013 airport<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao th\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 hay m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.49. \u0110\u00ea ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng \u2013 breakwater<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

3.2.50. \u0110\u1eadp \u2013 dam<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ee7y l\u1ee3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n

3.2.51. \u0110\u00ea \u2013 dyke<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt c\u1ea3n thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai kh\u1ecfi ng\u1eadp l\u1ee5t do n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

3.2.52. \u0110\u00ea quai \u2013 coffer dam<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi c\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

3.2.53. K\u00eanh \u2013 canal<\/p>\n

D\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: K\u00eanh t\u01b0\u1edbi, k\u00eanh giao th\u00f4ng th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

3.2.54. S\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eanh h\u00f3a \u2013 canalized river<\/p>\n

S\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u00e2u thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch qu\u00e3ng d\u1ecdc d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3.2.55. \u00c2u thuy\u1ec1n \u2013 navigational lock<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eeda cho ph\u00e9p giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa hai m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

3.2.56. \u1ee4 kh\u00f4 \u2013 dry dock<\/p>\n

B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u00e0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u01a1m kh\u00f4.<\/p>\n

3.2.57. C\u1ea7u t\u00e0u \u2013 ke \u2013 pier<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh vi\u1ec1n b\u1edd s\u00f4ng, b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f4 ra xa b\u1edd l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eadu t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

3.2.58. C\u1ecdc neo t\u00e0u \u2013 dolphin<\/p>\n

C\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c b\u00f3 c\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 neo t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n

3.3. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0<\/p>\n

3.3.1. Nh\u00e0 \u1edf – housing<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf.<\/p>\n

3.3.2. Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf – dwelling<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1edf cho m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

3.3.3. C\u0103n h\u1ed9 – flat<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf cho m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

3.3.4. C\u0103n h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u2013 maisonnette<\/p>\n

C\u0103n h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfm t\u1eeb hai t\u1ea7ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

3.3.5. Nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 – house<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9 \u1edf.<\/p>\n

3.3.6. Nh\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u2013 bungalow<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n

3.3.7. Kho \u2013 store<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gian trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

3.3.8. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u2013 premises<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i t\u00edch l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

3.3.9. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u2013 office building<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

3.3.10. Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u2013 shop(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng gian trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c cung \u1ee9ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng xem n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

3.3.11. C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u2013 shop(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1eeda h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

3.3.12. Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u2013 factory<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

3.3.13. X\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 workshop<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

3.3.14. X\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9c \u2013 joinery shop<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

4. Kh\u00f4ng gian<\/b><\/p>\n

4.1. Kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 space<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

4.2. Kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u2013 working space<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

4.3. Kh\u00f4ng gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2013 activity space<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch hay th\u1ec3 t\u00edch d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

4.4. T\u1ea7ng \u2013 storey<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1eefa hai s\u00e0n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u00e0n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

4.5. Ph\u00f2ng \u2013 room<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e9p k\u00edn n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng (kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian giao th\u00f4ng).<\/p>\n

4.6. Bu\u1ed3ng kho gi\u00e1p m\u00e1i \u2013 loft<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kho, n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng gi\u00e1p m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.7. T\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m \u2013 basement storey<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

4.8. T\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t, t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t \u2013 ground floor.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed1i ra v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1t m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

4.9. G\u00e1c x\u00e9p \u2013 mezzanine<\/p>\n

G\u00e1c l\u1eedng trong t\u1ea7ng nh\u00e0 cao.<\/p>\n

4.10. Ban c\u00f4ng \u2013 balcony(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u01b0\u01a1n ra m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.11. L\u00f4gia \u2013 balcony(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n s\u00e0n ph\u1eb3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00f9i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda trong m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.12. C\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o \u2013 porch<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 che, nh\u00f4 ra ho\u1eb7c lui v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.13. H\u1ea7m nh\u00e0 \u2013 cellaar<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u1edf.<\/p>\n

4.14. Nh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 toilet<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb ch\u1eadu x\u00ed v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eadu ti\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1eadu r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

4.15. Nh\u00e0 x\u00ed \u2013 WC<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1eadu x\u00ed.<\/p>\n

4.16. V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u2013 office<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

4.17. Ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp \u2013 hall<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp.<\/p>\n

4.18. S\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 terrace<\/p>\n

Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u1eb1m ngang ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lan can bao quanh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

4.19. Kh\u00f4ng gian giao th\u00f4ng \u2013 circulation space<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 xe c\u1ed9 di chuy\u1ec3n trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.20. H\u00e0nh lang \u2013 corridor<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian giao th\u00f4ng, h\u1eb9p, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

4.21. Ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea3nh \u2013 entrance hall<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian giao th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong nh\u00e0, \u1edf ngay l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

4.22. H\u00e0nh lang b\u00ean \u2013 access balcony<\/p>\n

L\u00f4gia ho\u1eb7c ban c\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n h\u1ed9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

4.23. L\u1ed1i \u0111i ph\u1ee5 – crawlway<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, chi\u1ec1u cao ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n

4.24. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 – service duct<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i \u0111i trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

4.25. Bu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec7m \u2013 air lock<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn c\u00f3 hai c\u1eeda, \u1edf gi\u1eefa hai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

4.26. Ti\u1ec1n ph\u00f2ng \u2013 lobby<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian giao th\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng hay c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

4.27. Gi\u1ebfng \u2013 shaft<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c nghi\u00eang trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i qua ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

4.28. Gi\u1ebfng thang m\u00e1y \u2013 lift well<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed3ng thang m\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n. Kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao quanh b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1y gi\u1ebfng, c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

4.29. Gi\u1ebfng thang \u2013 stairwell<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1ea7u thang ch\u1ea1y xung quanh.<\/p>\n

4.30. L\u1ed3ng thang \u2013 stair enclosure<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ea7u thang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/p>\n

5.1. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u<\/p>\n

5.1.1. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u2013 structure<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

5.1.2. C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u2013 structurel member<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t khung hay lanh t\u00f4 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch ng\u0103n.<\/i><\/p>\n

5.1.3. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u00f4 \u2013 carcass<\/p>\n

Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 khung.<\/p>\n

5.1.4. T\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 wall<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 bao che ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

5.1.5. M\u00f3ng \u2013 foundation<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

5.1.6. M\u00f3ng gi\u1ebfng \u2013 well (foundation)<\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5 gi\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

5.1.7. V\u00f2m \u2013 arch<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n cong trong m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eafc qua m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n

5.1.8. M\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5n v\u00f2m \u2013 springing<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1a ch\u00e2n v\u00f2m.<\/p>\n

5.1.9. D\u1ea7m \u2013 beam<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa ho\u1eb7c ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u h\u1eb9p so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n ngang.<\/p>\n

5.1.10. D\u1ea7m nh\u1ecf – joist<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t d\u1ea7m trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y d\u1ea7m song song, th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang.<\/p>\n

5.1.11. D\u1ea7m h\u1eabng\/B\u1ea3n h\u1eabng \u2013 cantilever<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m \u0111an v\u01b0\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

5.1.12. Thanh ch\u1ed1ng \u2013 strut<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n

5.1.13. Thanh c\u0103ng \u2013 tie<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

5.1.14. Thanh gi\u1eb1ng gi\u00f3 \u2013 wind brace<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.1.15. Thanh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 structural steelwork<\/p>\n

Thanh kim lo\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

5.1.16. V\u1ecf m\u1ecfng \u2013 shell<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng cong.<\/p>\n

5.1.17. B\u1ec7 c\u1ed9t; b\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 plinth<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

5.1.18. T\u1ea5m s\u00e0n; t\u1ea5m m\u00e1i \u2013 decking(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1eb1m ngang c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n hay m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.1.19. B\u1ea3n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u2013 concrete slab<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, c\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m ngang, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

5.1.20. S\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c, s\u00e0n \u0111\u00fac li\u1ec1n kh\u1ed1i \u2013 solid floor<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m s\u00e0n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00e8n.<\/p>\n

5.1.21. T\u1ea5m \u0111an m\u1eb7t c\u1ea7u \u2013 deck<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5m \u0111an b\u00ea t\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

5.1.22. D\u1ea7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u2013 continuous beam<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean ba g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

5.1.23. D\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh \u2013 main beam<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ea7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

5.1.24. D\u1ea7m n\u1ed5i \u2013 upstand beam<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed5i tr\u00ean \u0111an b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

5.1.25. C\u1ea7u phong, rui \u2013 rafter<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m nh\u1ecf d\u1ed1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.1.26. X\u00e0 g\u1ed3 – purlin<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m song song v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00e1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ea7u phong ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.1.27. Ch\u00e8m (\u0111\u1ec7m) g\u1ed7 – plate(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Mi\u1ebfng g\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5.1.28. T\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 plate(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kim lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea1ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

5.1.29. D\u00e0n \u2013 roof truss<\/p>\n

Khung ph\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.1.30. C\u1ed9t \u2013 column<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng m\u1ecfng, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n) xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5.1.31. Tr\u1ee5 – pier\u00a0(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

5.1.32. Tr\u1ee5 n\u1ea3y \u2013 attached pier<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5 li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

5.1.33. Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u \u2013 bridge pier<\/p>\n

G\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a trung gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

5.1.34. C\u1ed9t kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 stanchion<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng m\u1ea3nh, th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n) xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

5.1.35. M\u1ed1 ch\u1eb7n \u2013 abutment<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ngang th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ed9t v\u00f2m hay m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

5.1.36. M\u1ed1 – bridge abutment<\/p>\n

G\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1edd.<\/p>\n

5.1.37. T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng \u2013 buttess<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00f4 ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng hay x\u00e2y \u1ed1p v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

5.1.38. V\u00e1ch c\u1ee9ng \u2013 shear wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c ngang t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o trong ch\u00ednh m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.1.39. T\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u2013 spine wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng trong ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 song song v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.1.40. B\u1ea3n k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 wall plate<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u ki\u1ec7n n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb d\u1ea7m, c\u1ea7u phong ho\u1eb7c d\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

5.1.41. Khung \u2013 frame(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thanh th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

5.1.42. Khung c\u1ed5ng \u2013 portal frame<\/p>\n

Khung ph\u1eb3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng trong \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thanh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c xi\u00ean l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

5.1.43. Khung (d\u00e0n) ph\u1eb3ng \u2013 plane frame<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u hai chi\u1ec1u (khung trong m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng).<\/p>\n

5.1.44. D\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng gian \u2013 space frame<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ba chi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c thanh th\u00e9p h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

5.1.45. H\u1ec7 gi\u1eb1ng \u2013 bracing<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e9o, ch\u1ecbu n\u00e9n ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

5.1.46. C\u1ecdc \u2013 pile<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3ng s\u00e2u trong \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.1.47. C\u1ecdc khoan nh\u1ed3i \u2013 bored pile<\/p>\n

C\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ed3i b\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 khoan trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.1.48. C\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f3ng \u2013 driven pile<\/p>\n

C\u1ecdc thi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.1.49. C\u1ecdc ch\u1ed1ng \u2013 end-bearing pile<\/p>\n

C\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

5.1.50. C\u1ecdc ma s\u00e1t; c\u1ecdc treo \u2013 friction pile<\/p>\n

C\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t bao quanh.<\/p>\n

5.1.51. C\u1ecdc c\u1eeb th\u00e9p \u2013 sheet steel pile<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecdc th\u00e9p m\u00f3c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y ngang.<\/p>\n

5.1.52. H\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o \u2013 digging<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.1.53. M\u0169 c\u1ecdc; \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ecdc \u2013 pile cap<\/p>\n

Kh\u1ed1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u b\u00ean tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

5.1.54. Gi\u1eb1ng gi\u00f3 \u2013 wind bracing<\/p>\n

Gi\u1eb1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ef1c gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.1.55. M\u00f3ng c\u1ecdc \u2013 pile foundation<\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

5.1.56. M\u00f3ng b\u00e8 \u2013 raft foundation<\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111an li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1ea3i ra kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1y m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

5.1.57. M\u00f3ng h\u1ed9p \u2013 casing<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f4n ng\u1ea7m g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

5.1.58. M\u00f3ng b\u0103ng \u2013 strip foundation<\/p>\n

M\u00f3ng d\u00e0i, h\u1eb9p th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang.<\/p>\n

5.2. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u0103n chia v\u00e0 bao che<\/p>\n

5.2.1. L\u1edbp tr\u00e1t ph\u1ee7 – lining<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ecdc m\u1ecdi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.2.2. L\u1edbp ng\u0103n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 vapour barrier<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

5.2.3. Vi\u00ean \u1ed1p l\u00e1t \u2013 tile<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c vi\u00ean m\u1ecfng, ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 che ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

5.2.4. L\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eafn \u2013 grating<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 m\u1edf nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean s\u00e0n hay t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

5.2.5. L\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eafn \u2013 grille<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u1edbi tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chia kh\u00f4ng gian ho\u1eb7c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 m\u1edf tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

5.2.6. S\u00e0n \u2013 floor<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u00f4ng gian trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.2.7. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 s\u00e0n \u2013 flooring<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n t\u1ea1o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5.2.8. M\u1eb7t s\u00e0n, b\u1ea3n m\u00e1i \u2013 decking(2)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 s\u00e0n hay m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.2.9. S\u00e0n n\u1ed5i \u2013 floating floor<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ee1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc hay c\u00e1c g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch \u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ed1ng rung.<\/p>\n

5.2.10. S\u00e0n treo \u2013 suspended floor<\/p>\n

S\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a.<\/p>\n

5.2.11. \u00c1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 pavement<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho xe c\u1ed9 \u0111i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

5.2.12. B\u1eadc b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 – loading bay<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00f4 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a xe c\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

5.2.13. B\u1eadc b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft \u2013 railway platfrom<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u nh\u00f4 cao \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng cho t\u00e0u xe \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

5.2.14. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c \u2013 ramp<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i \u0111i ho\u1eb7c s\u00e0n d\u1ed1c b\u1eafc gi\u1eefa hai b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

5.2.15. Tr\u1ea7n \u2013 ceiling<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh che m\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn.<\/p>\n

5.2.16. Tr\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3 – false ceiling<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt chi\u1ec1u cao m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5.2.17. Tr\u1ea7n treo \u2013 suspended ceiling<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c treo c\u00e1ch s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1i b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

5.2.18. M\u00e1i \u2013 roof<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh che ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.2.19. L\u1edbp m\u00e1i l\u1ee3p \u2013 roofing<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp (c\u00e1c l\u1edbp) tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n

5.2.20. M\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng \u2013 flat roof<\/p>\n

M\u00e1i n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.2.21. M\u00e1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ed1c \u2013 monopitch foof<\/p>\n

M\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00eang theo m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

5.2.22. M\u00e1i d\u1ed1c \u2013 pitched roof<\/p>\n

M\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean 10o<\/sup>\u00a0(kho\u1ea3ng 15%) so v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t n\u1eb1m ngang.<\/p>\n

5.2.23. B\u00e1n m\u00e1i \u2013 lean-to roof<\/p>\n

M\u00e1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ed1c c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh cao t\u00ec v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

5.2.24. M\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ea7m \u2013 mansard roof<\/p>\n

M\u00e1i c\u00f3 hai d\u1ed1c \u1edf hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3c m\u00e1i, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb di\u1ec1m m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.2.25. M\u00e1i r\u0103ng c\u01b0a \u2013 sawtooth roof<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t d\u00e3y m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng quay v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc (\u1edf b\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u) c\u00f3 l\u1eafp k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e1i kia.<\/p>\n

5.2.26. Di\u1ec1m n\u00f3c h\u1ed3i \u2013 barge board<\/p>\n

V\u00e1n g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf hai c\u1ea1nh n\u00f3c t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

5.2.27. M\u00e9p m\u00e1i \u2013 eaves<\/p>\n

B\u1edd th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c hay b\u1edd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n

5.2.28. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i \u2013 hip<\/p>\n

Giao tuy\u1ebfn nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a hai d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c l\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

5.2.29. N\u00f3c m\u00e1i \u2013 ridge<\/p>\n

Giao tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai d\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.2.30. X\u1ed1i m\u00e1i \u2013 valley<\/p>\n

Giao tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a hai d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c l\u00f5m.<\/p>\n

5.2.31. B\u1edd m\u00e1i \u2013 verge<\/p>\n

C\u1ea1nh d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.2.32. L\u1edbp \u1ed1p ngo\u00e0i \u2013 cladding<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

5.2.33. V\u00e1ch ng\u0103n \u2013 partition<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u ng\u0103n chia b\u00ean trong, th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

5.2.34. T\u01b0\u1eddng che \u2013 curtain wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u1edf ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 bao che ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.2.35. T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1ed3i \u2013 gable wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111inh nh\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

5.2.36. T\u1ea5m t\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i \u2013 external panel wall<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e8n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

5.2.37. T\u01b0\u1eddng chung \u2013 party wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng chung ng\u0103n hai ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 hay hai th\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ec1 nhau.<\/p>\n

5.2.38. T\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ea \u2013 sleeper wall<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh g\u1ed1i t\u1ef1a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho m\u1ed9t s\u00e0n t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng t\u00ec l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.2.39. T\u01b0\u1eddng lan can \u2013 parapet<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, bao quanh m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch tr\u00ean cao nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t ban c\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1edd k\u00e8 cao.<\/p>\n

5.2.40. V\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3u khung \u2013 framed partition<\/p>\n

V\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t khung ph\u1eb3ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00f4 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp m\u1eb7t hay v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00e8n l\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

5.2.41. B\u1ec7 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 – apron<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

5.2.42. \u0110\u1ea7u h\u1ed3i \u2013 gable<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed3i b\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e9p m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.2.43. Lan can \u2013 balustrade(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

5.2.44. Lan can \u2013 balustrade(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y thanh nh\u1eb9 th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean c\u00f3 tay v\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n

5.2.45. \u0110inh t\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 coping<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u01b0\u1eddng hay lan can \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

5.3. C\u00e1c \u00f4 c\u1eeda v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1eeda<\/p>\n

5.3.1. C\u1eeda \u0111i \u2013 door<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ra v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quay tr\u00ean goong ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1ee3t.<\/p>\n

5.3.2. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 – window<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda th\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.3.3. D\u00e3y c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00f4 ra \u2013 bay window(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

5.3.4. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00f4 \u2013 bay window(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00f4 ra h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5.3.5. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 cong nh\u00f4 \u2013 bow window<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00f4 ra h\u00ecnh cong.<\/p>\n

5.3.6. C\u1eeda m\u00e1i (ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda tr\u1ed5 m\u00e1i) \u2013 dormer window<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00f4 ra \u1edf m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.3.7. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 cao tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 clerestory window<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb ph\u00eda tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n

5.3.8. C\u1eeda tr\u1eddi \u2013 lantern light<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u00f4 l\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1eafp k\u00ednh \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

5.3.9. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u01b0\u01a1n \u2013 oriel window<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5, nh\u00f4 ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t nh\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7m h\u1eabng hay c\u00f4ng s\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

5.3.10. C\u1eeda chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng h\u1ea7m m\u00e1i \u2013 fooflight<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t khung c\u00f3 l\u1eafp k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

5.3.11. C\u1eeda m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c \u2013 roof window<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1eafp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i d\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

5.3.12. C\u1eeda h\u00e3m \u2013 fanlight<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1eeda \u0111i hay b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1eeda l\u1ea5y \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.13. C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 trong nh\u00e0 \u2013 borrowed light<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch trong nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.3.14. Khung c\u1eeda \u2013 frame(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Khung bao quanh c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111i ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.15. Khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda \u0111i, khung c\u1eeda \u0111i \u2013 door frame<\/p>\n

Khung trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafp c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.16. Khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5, khu\u00f4n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 – window frame<\/p>\n

Khung trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafp k\u00ednh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

5.3.17. \u0110\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u2013 mullion<\/p>\n

Thanh \u0111\u1ee9ng chia m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.18. \u0110\u1ed1 ngang \u2013 transom<\/p>\n

Thanh ngang trung gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda \u0111i.<\/p>\n

5.3.19. Khung c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u2013 casement<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t khung \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp k\u00ednh, ch\u1ea5n song, b\u1ecbt k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c nan ch\u1edbp.<\/p>\n

5.3.20. Khung c\u1eeda m\u00e1i<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda \u1edf m\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t khung v\u00e0 k\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

5.3.21. L\u00e1 s\u00e1ch \u2013 shutter<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafp \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn an to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a l\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

5.3.22. T\u1ea5m l\u00e1 ch\u1edbp \u2013 louvres<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c nan ch\u1edbp song song c\u00e1ch qu\u00e3ng.<\/p>\n

5.3.23. Ch\u00e2n \u00f4 c\u1eeda \u2013 jamp(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u00f4 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.24. Thanh bi\u00ean khung c\u1eeda \u2013 jamp(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tr\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.25. M\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh \u00f4 c\u1eeda \u2013 reveal<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf ph\u00eda trong m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.26. Lanh t\u00f4 \u2013 lintel<\/p>\n

D\u1ea7m ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00f4 c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.3.27. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i \u2013 chimney<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

5.3.28. \u0110\u1ea7u \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i \u2013 chimney stack<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

5.3.29. \u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i \u2013 flue<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00e1y ra ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

5.3.30. B\u1ec7 l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u2013 fireplace<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi.<\/p>\n

5.3.31. L\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u2013 fireplace recess<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

5.3.32. Th\u00e0nh l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u2013 chimney breast<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00f4 ra ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

5.3.33. \u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u2013 chimney shaft<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng kh\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

5.3.34. B\u1eadu c\u1eeda \u2013 sill<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0m trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khung c\u1eeda.<\/p>\n

5.4. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n

5.4.1. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u2013 services<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, d\u00e2y c\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

5.4.2. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u2013 fitments<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i b\u1ebfp, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

5.4.3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u2013 installation<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

5.4.4. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh \u2013 sanitation installation.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

5.4.5. Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u2013 appliance<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

5.4.6. Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 sanitary appliance<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, cho gi\u1eb7t r\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c cho x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

5.4.7. B\u1ed9 x\u00ed \u2013 water closet suite<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1eadu x\u00ed, th\u00f9ng x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

5.4.8. R\u00e8m th\u1ea3m \u2013 furnishings<\/p>\n

R\u00e8m, th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

5.4.9. C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y \u2013 plant(1)<\/sup><\/p>\n

M\u00e1y, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt (th\u00ed d\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u01b0\u1edfi ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3).<\/p>\n

5.4.10. \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn \u2013 duct<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao k\u00edn d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1p, \u1ed1ng v.v\u2026.<\/p>\n

5.4.11. \u1ed0ng \u2013 pipe<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ch\u1ea3y trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

5.4.12. Gi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u2013 manhole<\/p>\n

H\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

5.4.13. Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng \u1ed1ng \u2013 pipe fitting<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ee1 \u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng hay ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

5.4.14. Thang b\u0103ng \u2013 escalator<\/p>\n

Thang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

5.4.15. Thang m\u00e1y \u2013 lift<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e2ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp trong nh\u00e0, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ca bin di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, d\u1ecdc c\u00e1c thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c thanh d\u1eabn h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00eang d\u01b0\u1edbi 15o<\/sup>\u00a0so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

5.4.16. Cabin thang m\u00e1y \u2013 lift car<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thang m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0\/ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

5.4.17. \u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u2013 air-conditioning<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

Vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

5.4.18. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 drainage system<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea9n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m thu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3 hay t\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

5.4.19. Tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u2013 land drainage<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng th\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0 th\u00e1o \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9a trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

5.4.20. \u1ed0ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u2013 drain<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00f4n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng th\u0103m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

5.4.21. M\u00e1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a \u2013 rainwater gutter<\/p>\n

M\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u01b0a t\u1eeb m\u00e1i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

5.4.22. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng \u2013 sewerage system<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

5.4.23. C\u1ed1ng \u2013 sewer<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ea7m d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebfng th\u0103m d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

5.4.24. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2y d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u2013 electrical conduit<\/p>\n

\u1ed0ng ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

5.5. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n

5.5.1. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u2013 finishings<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 giao nhau.<\/p>\n

5.5.2. \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c \u2013 furniture<\/p>\n

Trang b\u1ecb cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u00e0n, gi\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n

5.5.3. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u00e0 \u2013 building element<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00f3ng, s\u00e0n, m\u00e1i, t\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/i><\/p>\n

5.5.4. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u2013 construction<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

5.5.5. L\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u2013 damp \u2013 proof course<\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u1ea9m \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n

5.5.6. M\u00e0ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m \u2013 damp-proof membrane<\/p>\n

L\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u00eda trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u1ea9m \u0111i qua.<\/p>\n

5.5.7. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9c \u2013 joinery<\/p>\n

To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 pan\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7, kh\u00f4ng tham gia v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 khung ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1eddng bao che.<\/p>\n

5.5.8. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7 – carpentry<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c m\u1ed9c l\u00e0m k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n

5.5.9. C\u1ea7u thang \u2013 stair; staircase<\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1eadc n\u1eb1m ngang (b\u1eadc ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec9) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y sang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

5.5.10. Chi\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec9, chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfu thang \u2013 landing<\/p>\n